RESUMO
It is frequently impossible to discriminate between various causes of scrotal pain and swelling by means of clinical examination and ultrasound (US) alone. Surgical exploration is necessary in cases of indefinite differential diagnosis. For evaluation of the diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in scrotal disease, 200 patients with testicular abnormalities were studied. For 74 of these patients, the diagnosis was cancer, based on clinical and US findings. MR imaging demonstrated malignant disease in 54 patients and benign disease in 20. All of the MR imaging findings were confirmed at surgical biopsy. Despite high costs of the procedure, the authors believe that MR imaging is a useful aid for diagnosis in cases of indefinite findings in scrotal and testicular disease.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Adolescente , Adulto , Epididimite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orquite/diagnóstico , Escroto/patologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/diagnóstico , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Testículo/lesões , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
We describe 3 women in 1 family who had systemic urothelial leukoplakia with no underlying pathological condition of the urinary tract. Irritative clinical symptoms resolved, and the macroscopic and microscopic appearance improved after 6 months of therapy with sodium pentosanpolysulfate. Electron microscopy showed special cells in the basal layer of the cornified squamous epithelium that also have been found in the trigone of women with so-called squamous metaplasia. Their similarity to Merkel's cells of the skin supports the theory that ectodermal cells are misplaced during embryogenesis. Genetic factors and sex hormones seem to influence the development of certain variants of squamous epithelium within the urinary tract.
Assuntos
Leucoplasia/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Adulto , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Leucoplasia/patologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
ESWL of impacted ureteral or caliceal stones is not as successful as expected. To study this problem a model for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of ureteral stones has been designed. After initial fragmentation of the outer shell of impacted stones during the first series of shock wave application those fragments are kept in place by external mucosal contact, creating a lot of new interfaces. Absorption or reflection of shock wave energy within this fragmented shell seems to be responsible for the poor success rate in these cases. In regard to our experimental and clinical results we advise pushing ureteral stones back into the renal collecting system by means of a ureteral catheter.
