Positive Social Mentalities and Quality of Spiritual Living in Old Age: Roles of Social Participation and Life Meaning.

Quality of spiritual living (QSL) in old age is closely related to the health and well-being of older adults. It is necessary to explore the psychosocial factors and mechanisms that affect the QSL of older adults. The researchers investigated 512 older Chinese people using the positive social mentalities scale, social participation scale, sense of life meaning scale, and spiritual living self-assessment questionnaire. (1) Positive social mentalities (PSMs), social participation (SP), and life meaning (LM) had significant positive correlations with QSL of older adults; (2) SP and LM had serial mediating effects between PSMs and QSL. PSMs influenced QSL through the serial mediating effects of SP and LM. It revealed the critical psychosocial factors and the mechanism affecting QSL in old age, which can provide scientific reference for implementing an active aging strategy.

Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality among Older People: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Loneliness.

Rapid social development has made the elderly increasingly dependent on mobile phones, and mobile phone addiction has a negative effect on sleep quality. The underlying mechanism between the two is unclear. This study examined the mediating role of depression and loneliness in the relationship between phone addiction and sleep quality in older adults. Mobile Phone Addiction Scale Short Version, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)-8 Loneliness Scale, and Short Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were used to investigate 459 older adults in China. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in the elderly. In addition, depression and loneliness partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality in older adults. The current study provides new insights into the impact of mobile phone addiction on sleep quality and the importance of depression and loneliness in older adults. The limitations and significance of this study are discussed.

Development of the Attributional Style of Doctor Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The attributional style of clinical workers will affect their emotion and behavior and affect how they deal with the relationship with patients. Current tools lack clinical events and are not suitable for measuring the attributional style of doctor. In this study, the development of the Doctor's Attributional Style Questionnaire (DASQ) is presented. METHODS: In study 1, based on the previous literature and the open-ended questionnaire, the theoretical structure of DASQ was constructed. In study 2, items analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted in the sample (n=559) to select the best items for the DASQ. In study 3, the internal structure of the DASQ was tested in the sample (n=740) via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and 218 doctors were retested four weeks later. RESULTS: There are 24 items in the scale, including positive events questionnaire and negative events questionnaire, all of which are composed of four dimensions: controllability, globality, stability, and internality. The fitting degree of each questionnaire model is good, and all indexes are above 0.9. The internal consistency coefficient and retest coefficient of both the positive events questionnaire and the negative events questionnaire were above 0.75. CONCLUSION: The DASQ meets the requirements of measurement and can be used to measure the attributional style of doctors.