Removal of chloramphenicol and resistance gene changes in electric-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands.

The performance of an electric-integrated vertical flow constructed wetland (E-VFCW) for chloramphenicol (CAP) removal, changes in microbial community structure, and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were evaluated. CAP removal in the E-VFCW system was 92.73% ± 0.78% (planted) and 90.80% ± 0.61% (unplanted), both were higher than the control system which was 68.17% ± 1.27%. The contribution of anaerobic cathodic chambers in CAP removal was higher than the aerobic anodic chambers. Plant physiochemical indicators in the reactor revealed electrical stimulation increased oxidase activity. Electrical stimulation enhanced the enrichment of ARGs in the electrode layer of the E-VFCW system (except floR). Plant ARGs and intI1 levels were higher in the E-VFCW than in the control system, suggesting electrical stimulation induces plants to absorb ARGs, reducing ARGs in the wetland. The distribution of intI1 and sul1 genes in plants suggests that horizontal transfer may be the main mechanism dispersing ARGs in plants. High throughput sequencing analysis revealed electrical stimulation selectively enriched CAP degrading functional bacteria (Geobacter and Trichlorobacter). Quantitative correlation analysis between bacterial communities and ARGs confirmed the abundance of ARGs relates to the distribution of potential hosts and mobile genetic elements (intI1). E-VFCW is effective in treating antibiotic wastewater, however ARGs potentially accumulate.

Analysis of the Forward and Reverse Strongly Coupled States on the Nonradiative Energy Transfer Effect.

Nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) under light-matter strong coupling interaction provides an efficient method to achieve the ultralong-distance and ultrafast energy transfer, which is of significance in realizing remote control chemistry and the real-time dynamic research of biological macromolecules interaction and so on. Here we show that not only can the cavity mode first resonate with the donor to form a cascade hybrid light-matter states to drive energy transfer, when the cavity mode first resonates with the acceptor, it also can enhance the nonradiative energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor. Importantly, although these two strong coupling systems can enhance energy transfer, the polariton-mediated energy transfer mechanism behind these processes is different. By employing the quantum Tavis-Cummings theory, we calculate the time evolution of the mean photon number of each polariton state to analyze the energy transfer effect under different strongly coupled states.