[Analysis of chemical components of volatile oil from Paris polyphylla and their antibacterial activities].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the chemical components of volatile oil from Paris polyphylla by GC-MS, and to investigate their antimicrobial activities. METHODS: The chemical compositions of essential oil, which from Paris polyphylla obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide, were analyzed by GC-MS, and their antibacterial properties for five common pathogens were screened by filter paper method. RESULTS: The components in the volatile oils were analyzed by GC-MS, and 75 compounds comprising for 98.46% of the essential oil were identified. The major components of essential oil were phthalic acid-isobutyl-hex-3-enyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 2 (1H)-naphthalenone, octahydro-4alpha-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, glycerin, 9-octadecenoic acid-methyl ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid-butyl-2-methylpropyl ester, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-myristynoyl-glycinamide, ethanol, 2-(9,12) -octadecadienyloxy, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, dodecanoic acid, 10-methyl, methyl ester, diglycerol and 3,3-diethoxy-1-propanol; The bacteriostatic experiment results indicated that this volatile oil had strong inhibitory effects on Micrococcus, Aerobacter and Brevibacterium, whereas it had poor effects Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. CONCLUSION: The experiment provides a scientific basis for further development and utilization of Paris polyphylla.

One new antitumour cassane-type diterpene from Caesalpinia crista.

1α-acetoxy-5α, 7ß-dihydroxycassa-11,13(15)-diene-16,12-lactone, a new cassane-type diterpene was isolated from Caesalpinia crista. The structure of this compound was elucidated by analysis of NMR spectra, and the relative configuration was established by NOE experiment. The new compound was evaluated for antitumour activity against T47D, DU145 and showed significant inhibitory activities.

[Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by the dominant plants growing in Huayuan manganese and lead/zinc mineland, Xiangxi].

Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental problem of mine wasteland. Finding out the tolerant plants, which can adapt to the local climate and the soil conditions, is the premise of vegetation restoration. An extensive vegetation survey and sampling were conducted in Huayuan Mn and Pb/Zn mineland, 76 species belonging to 69 genera and 39 families were recorded. The main dominant species and their associated soils were determined for heavy metal concentrations. The results showed that soil Pb, Zn and Cd levels exceeded the threshold levels of Class II of China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, which suggested minesoils might be polluted by the three elements. The main dominant plants can adapt to the unfavorable edaphic conditions of mineland and were tolerant to heavy metals. There were great variations of metal uptake and accumulation among different plant species. They were classified into three types according to the metal concentrations in the plant shoots and roots: the accumulator, e. g. Camellia oleifera and Dicranopteris dichotoma, absorbed a large amount of heavy metals by the roots and transported to the shoots, which can be used to clean up the soils containing light to moderate toxic metal concentration and with high-value; the root compartment, e. g. Rubus tephrodes, R. corchorifolius, R. chroosepalus, Artemisia princeps and Pteridium aquilinum also absorbed a large amount of heavy metals but held in the roots; and the excluder, e. g. Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Indocalamus tessellatus and Toddalia asiatica, absorbed less heavy metals than the accumulators. The root compartment and the excluder were more suitable for remediation of the mine wastelands with high heavy metal concentration, low-value and extensive area.

3-(3,4-Dimeth-oxy-phen-yl)-4-(2-meth-oxy-anilino)furan-2(5H)-one.

In the title compound, C(19)H(19)NO(5), the furan-one unit makes a dihedral angle of 30.93 (6)° with the benzene ring and a dihedral angle of 9.51 (6)° with the aniline ring. In the crystal, inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π contacts link the mol-ecules into sheets. A weak intramolecular hydrogen bond is also observed.

Removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution using powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata P2.

A biosorbent prepared from powdered mycelial biomass of Ceriporia lacerata (CLB), a basidiomycetous fungus, was applied for the uptake of Crystal Violet from aqueous solution. A batch adsorption experiment was used for the biosorption process, involving effect of experimental factors and biosorption kinetics and equilibrium. Biosorption process showed that the removal of Crystal Violet by CLB was effective over wide pH range, and meanwhile was independent on ionic strength. Biosorption capacities of CLB increased with the initial dye concentration increasing, due to an increase in the driving force of the concentration gradient. The adsorbed Crystal Violet amount per unit biomass weight decreased with increasing biosorbent dosage, due to the splitting effect of flux (concentration gradient) between sorbate and biosorbent. A maximum sorption capacity of 239.25 mg/g was observed. Biosorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data was well described by the Koble-Corrigan model. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spetroscopy) spectrum showed the presence of O-H, COOH, C=O, C-N, C-H, -NH2 and P-OH in the surface of CLB as functional groups. This study showed CLB can effectively remove CV from dye wastewater.

[Studies on phonological phases of cultivated Polygonatum].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the phonological phases of cultivated Polygonatum by investigating the dynamic pattern of its growth and development, which would provide the guides for normal planting in the field. METHODS: Fix-point and real-time observation combining with comprehensive survey were used in the field. RESULT: Cultivated Polygonatum had obvious processes of development including emergence of seedlings, extension of leaves, growth of stems and leaves, floral initiation, flowering, seed setting, death of plant-germinating-in-spring, plant shoot regeneration and hibernating shoot emergence, and hibernation with dead aerial part of plant. There were small differences in these processes of development among species and sites, but the whole phonological pattern hold relatively constant. CONCLUSION: The phonological phases of Polygonatum with eight stages, including seedlings emergence stage, plant extension stage, leaves extension stage, anthesis stage, seed stage, aerial part death stage, germination-in-autumn stage, and hibernation stage, were finally determined.

(Z)-2-Acetamido-3-(4-chloro-phen-yl)acrylic acid.

In the title compound, C(11)H(10)ClNO(3), the mol-ecule consists of a benzene ring and an acetamido-acrylic acid unit on opposite sides of the C=C double bond. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds assemble the mol-ecules into infinite two-dimensional ribbons. These ribbons are linked into a network by inter-molecular C-H⋯π contacts.

(Z)-2-Hydr-oxy-3-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)acrylic acid.

In the structure of the title compound, C(10)H(10)O(4), inversion dimers linked by pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the carboxylic acid groups. Further O-H⋯O links cross-link the dimers into sheets running along the b-axis direction.