Efficacy of nalmefene with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combining with type II respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nalmefene combined with noninvasive positive-pressure mechanical ventilation (NIPPV) on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with type II respiratory failure and to explore its influence on TGF-ß1/Smads signaling pathway. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data of 106 COPD patients with type II respiratory failure were collected and divided into a research group and a control group based on different treatment, with 53 cases in each group. Both groups were given NIPPV. Besides, the control group was treated with conventional therapy and the research group was treated with nalmefene for 7 days. The changes of heart rate, respiratory rate, clinical efficacy, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), serum inflammatory parameters, levels of TGF-ß1/Smads signaling pathway related molecules and the incidences of adverse reactions of both groups were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the heart rate, respiratory rate, PAP, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in both groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The levels of PaO2 and SaO2 were higher and the levels of PaCO2 were lower than those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of TGF-ß1 and Smad2 in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). And all the above indicators in the research group were better than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). Besides, the incidence of adverse reactions in the research group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Nalmefene combined with NIPPV can significantly improve the level of PaO2 and reduce inflammatory response in elderly COPD patients with type II respiratory failure, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TGF-ß1 and Smads expressions.

Open total dislocation of ankle joint without fractures: A case report.

RATIONALE: Open total dislocation of ankle joint is rare and often caused by high-energy injury. The present study describes a patient with open total lateral dislocation of ankle joint without fractures and obtained a satisfactory clinical result following early debridement and irrigation, one-stage repairment of ligaments, and plaster external fixation. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient, a 45-year-old male, complained of right foot pain with bleeding and limited motion. Physical examination showed a 15-cm open wound at the medial ankle region, with soft tissues impaired and ankle bones exposed. The 3 dimensional reconstruction computed tomography (CT) examination showed an open total dislocation of ankle joint without concomitant fractures. DIAGNOSES: open total lateral dislocation of ankle joint without fractures. INTERVENTIONS: Early modern wound care including thorough debridement and irrigation on the wound was performed to remove contaminated soft tissues. Subsequently, the dislocated ankle joint was reduced by hand and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments were repaired using wire anchors. OUTCOMES: The medial wound healed at 2 weeks after surgery, and several common complications such as infection and skin necrosis did not occur. The last follow-up showed a good range of metatarsal flexion and extension of the injured foot, and obvious signs of traumatic arthritis were not observed. According to Kaikkonen ankle function score, the patient was assessed with 90 points. LESSONS: For open total dislocation of ankle joint, early treatment should focus on debridement and irrigation, reduction and fixation of the dislocated ankle, protection of the weak soft tissues, and stable external fixation to promote wound healing and reduce the incidence of related complications.

Comparison of two methods of locating proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

BACKGROUND: To compare the efficacy of three-point locating versus routine locating techniques for implanting helical blades for proximal femoral nail anti-rotation-II in the treatment of trochanteric fractures. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2013, 90 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were surgically treated, including 48 males and 42 females with an average age of 70.5 ± 7.2 years. According to the AO classification, there were 45 cases of A2.1, 35 cases of A2.2, and 10 cases of A2.3. Based on locating techniques, the 90 patients were divided into two groups: the three-point group and the routine group, with 45 patients in each group. All operations were performed by the same group of surgeons using proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA); the helical blade was inserted into the femoral neck with the three-point locating technique or by the usual method according to treatment group. Several figures including total operation time, elapsed time for implanting the helical blade, intraoperative blood loss, X-ray exposure time, and tip-apex distance (TAD) were measured and compared. RESULTS: The three-point group was significantly superior as compared to the routine group in terms of total operation time [(59.34 ± 9.42) min vs (67.61 ± 12.63) min, P < 0.01], elapsed time for implanting the helical blade [(4.58 ± 1.25) min vs (7.82 ± 2.19) min, P < 0.01], intraoperative blood loss [(92.78 ± 34.09) ml vs (154.01 ± 39.10) ml, P < 0.01], X-ray exposure time [(8.84 ± 1.45) vs (14.62 ± 2.91), P < 0.01], and tip-apex distance [(16.78 ± 1.55) mm vs (21.91 ± 3.01) mm, P < 0.01]. Among the 90 patients, 80 were followed up for an average time of 12 months (10-15 months), including 42 patients who were part of three-point group and 38 patients who were part of the routine group. No spiral blade cut was found on the femoral head in any patient in the three-point group, whereas it occurred in 2 patients in the routine group 1 month after surgery. However, there was no significant difference in the Harris score between the two groups 6 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: The three-point locating method is faster and more accurate than the routine locating method.

The role of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of eleven randomized controlled trials.

PURPOSE: Data on the role of angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains limited. We aimed to assess the overall efficacy of AIs-containing regimens in the treatment of advanced NSCLC in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Databases from PubMed, Web of Science, and abstracts presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting up to October 31, 2014 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating therapies with or without AIs in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical analyses were conducted by using random effects models and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 3,709 elderly patients with advanced NSCLC from 11 RCTs were identified for analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that there was a clinical benefit in PFS for AIs-containing regimens (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-1.00, P = 0.053) when compared to non-AIs-containing regimens, but not for OS (HR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.90-1.10, P = 0.89). On subgroup analysis, similar results were found based on treatment line. No publication bias was detected by Begg's and Egger's tests for OS. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, AIs-containing therapies offer a clinical benefit in PFS but for OS. With present available data from RCTs, we are still unable to clearly set the role of specific AIs in the treatment of advanced NSCLC in this setting.

Efficacy of pemetrexed plus platinum doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell-lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of pemetrexed plus platinum doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through a trial-level meta-analysis. METHODS: Trials published between 1990 and 2015 were identified by an electronic search of public databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library). All clinical studies were independently identified by two authors. Demographic data, treatment regimens, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were extracted and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 2.0). RESULTS: A total of 2,551 patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC from ten trials were included for analysis: 1,565 patients were treated with pemetrexed plus platinum doublet chemotherapy and 986 with platinum plus other first-line chemotherapy. Pooled ORR for pemetrexed plus platinum chemotherapy was 37.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.7%-44.3%), with median PFS and OS of 5.7 and 16.05 months, respectively. When compared to other platinum-based doublet chemotherapies, the use of pemetrexed plus platinum chemotherapy significantly improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] =0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97, P=0.01) but not PFS (HR =0.90, 95% CI: 0.80-1.01, P=0.084) in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION: Pemetrexed plus platinum doublet regimen is an efficacious treatment for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC patients. Our findings support the use of pemetrexed plus platinum doublet regimen as first-line treatment in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC patients because of its potential survival benefits.

Identification of a novel NOG mutation in a Chinese family with proximal symphalangism.

Proximal symphalangism (SYM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, mainly characterized by variable fusion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet. To date, two genes, GDF5 and NOG, have been reported to associate with SYM1. Herein, we clinically characterized a Chinese family with fusions of the bilateral proximal interphalangeal joints in the 2-5 digits without conductive hearing loss. Direct DNA sequencing of the two genes revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.499C>T, p.R167C) in the NOG gene. This mutation co-segregates with the phenotype in the family and is not present in the 200 control individuals. The c.499C>T mutation is predicted to change the conserved amino acid arginine at codon 167 to cysteine at the protein level. A different mutation in the same codon (R167G) has been described to cause brachydactyly type B2 (BDB2). Our work indicates that the c.499C>T (R167C) mutation is likely to represent the pathogenic mutation in the family. This finding broadens the spectrum of NOG mutations associated with SYM1 and will help to provide genetic counseling to the affected family.