[Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Different Production Conditions Based on Meta-analysis].

In order to explore the response of Chinese farmland soil ammonia volatilization to straw returning to the field under different production conditions, this study used no straw returning as a control. Through the collection of published literature test data, the Meta-analysis method was used to quantitatively study the effects of different natural factors and, under the conditions of farmland management measures, the effect of returning straw to the field on the emission reduction of soil ammonia volatilization. At the same time, through partial correlation analysis, the main influencing factors of ammonia volatilization under the condition of returning straw to the field were found, and the ammonia volatilization was quantified. The results showed that the effect of straw returning on soil ammonia volatilization decreased with the increase in accumulated rainfall during the growth period and increased with the increase in average temperature during the growth period. When the soil pH was less than 6, straw returning to the field significantly promoted soil ammonia volatilization, and when the pH was ≥ 6, returning straw to the field significantly inhibited ammonia volatilization in the soil. The reduction effect of returning straw to the field on soil ammonia volatilization increased with the increase in soil clay content. When the total soil nitrogen content was <0.1% and >0.2%, returning the straw to the field significantly inhibited the volatilization of soil ammonia, and when the total soil nitrogen content was between 0.1% and 0.2%, returning the straw to the field significantly promoted the volatilization of ammonia from the soil. When the nitrogen application rate was 60-180 kg·hm-2 and the nitrogen application rate was >240 kg·hm-2, returning straw to the field significantly reduced soil ammonia volatilization (P<0.05), and when nitrogen application rate was 180-240 kg·hm-2, returning straw to the field significantly promoted ammonia volatilization in the soil. Returning straw to the field by plowing or rotary tillage significantly inhibited ammonia volatilization in the soil, whereas returning straw to the field in a mulching mode had no significant effect on ammonia volatilization. When the straw C/N>45, it significantly inhibited ammonia volatilization from the soil, and when the straw C/N ≤ 45, the straw returning to the field significantly promoted the ammonia volatilization of the soil. The reduction effect of straw returning on ammonia volatilization increased with the increase in straw-returning amount. In non-paddy fields, returning straw to the field had a significant inhibitory effect on soil ammonia volatilization, and in paddy fields, returning straw to the field had a significant effect on soil ammonia volatilization. The results of partial correlation analysis showed that in paddy fields, the average growth period and soil pH were the main factors affecting soil ammonia volatilization under the condition of returning straw to the field, and in non-paddy fields, nitrogen application rate and straw C/N were the main factors affecting the conditions. This study can provide reference for the scientific and rational use of straw to achieve ammonia volatilization emission reduction in farmland.

[Influence of Pain-depression Comorbidity on Quality of Life in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder].

Objective To investigate the incidence,treatment,therapeutic effect,and impact on quality of life of pain-depression comorbidity in the patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods The NMOSD patients comorbid with pain visiting the out-patient clinic of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were interviewed in a face-to-face manner by neurologists for evaluating the neurologic disease.Pain,depression,and quality of life were evaluated by anesthesiologists based on the brief pain inventory,the Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ,and the MOS 36-item short form health survey scales,respectively.Results Totally 81 patients were included in this study,among which 38(46.9%)patients comorbid with depression were enrolled in the comorbidity group.The pain severity showed no significant difference between the two groups(3.3±3.1 vs. 2.3±2.2,P=0.087).The daily life activities and health-related quality of life were more severely influenced in the patients with comorbidity than in the patients without comorbidity as illustrated by the breif pain inventory[general activity and normal work(P=0.001);mood,relationship with other people,and enjoyment of life(all P<0.001);walking ability(P=0.004);sleep(P=0.016)]and the MOS 36-item short form health survey scales[physical functioning(P=0.001);role-physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional,mental health(all P<0.001)].Only 30.9% of pain sufferers received analgesic medications,with the mean pain reduction percentage of(53.6±28.9)%.None of the patients in this study took antidepressants.Conclusions Pain-depression comorbidity was common in NMOSD patients and severely influenced the quality of life of the patients.However,only a few patients received analgesic or antidepressant medications.Pain-depression comorbidity in NMOSD patients should be scrutinized.

Risk Factors for Anesthesia-Related Airway Patient Safety Incidents: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Analysis from 2009 to 2022.

Objective Airway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists. Methods All airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis. Results Among 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1%) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs (P = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d vs. 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.82, P < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d vs. 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95%CI: 0.57 to 2.32, P= 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d vs. 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95%CI: 0.41 to 5.53, P = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 d vs. 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95%CI: 0.46 to 6.27,P = 0.024). Conclusions This single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.

Risk Factors for Anesthesia-Related Airway Patient Safety Incidents: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Analysis from 2009 to 2022 / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective Airway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists. Methods All airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis. Results Among 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1%) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs (P = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d vs. 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.82, P < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d vs. 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95%CI: 0.57 to 2.32, P= 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d vs. 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95%CI: 0.41 to 5.53, P = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 d vs. 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95%CI: 0.46 to 6.27,P = 0.024). Conclusions This single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.