Clinical characteristics and risk factors of delayed intracranial hemorrhage after ventriculoperitoneal shunt in traffic hydrocephalus / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH) after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in patients with communicating hydrocephalus.Methods One hundred and seventy-six patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to communicating hydrocephalus secondary to craniocerebral trauma,hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,brain tumor or intracranial aneurysm rupture hemorrhage,admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to August 2018,were selected in our study;these patients were divided into DICH group and non-DICH group according to whether or not DICH occurred.The clinical features,including incidence,time and location of DICH,were analyzed.The differences of age,gender,length of stay,concomitant diseases,previous operation history,incidences of subdural effusion and puncture canal edema after ventriculoperitoneal shunt,and history of down-regulating shunt valve within 2 weeks between the two groups were compared by univariate analysis.The independent risk factors for DICH were further assessed using multivariable Logistic regression.Results Among 176 patients,23 (13.07％) had DICH;2-11 d after surgery,DICH appeared,manifesting as subdural,ventriculoventricular end canal and/or hemorrhage in one or more areas of the ventricle.There were significant differences in incidence of subdural effusion and history of down-regulating shunt valve within 2 weeks between the two groups (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that subdural effusion after surgery and down-regulation of shunt valve pressure within 2 weeks after ventriculoperitoneal shunt were independent risk factors for DICH (OR=4.516,95％CI:1.555-13.110,P=0.006;OR=5.352,95％CI:1.987-14.414,P=0.001).Conclusion High incidence of DICH mighty be noted within two weeks of ventriculoperitoneal shunt;subdural effusion and pressure reduction of shunt valve within 2 weeks are independent risk factors for DICH,which needs close monitoring and clinical intervention.

Development of decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix and gelatin/chitosan scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering.

BACKGROUND: Meniscus tissue engineering has provided a great potential treatment for meniscal injuries. However, few scaffolds in meniscus tissue engineering have matched the mechanical properties of native meniscus. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we developed a composite scaffold using decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix (DMECM) and gelatin/chitosan (G/C) to explore a preferable ratio to enhance the elastic modulus and cytotoxicity properties of scaffolds. METHODS: The microstructure, porosity, cytotoxicity, and strength of the composite scaffolds were evaluated. The micro-architectures of the samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) was used to confirm the chemical structure with different type composite scaffolds. The compressive elastic modulus of all the scaffolds were measured by the universal tensile testing machine DNS300. Calcein-AM (fluorescent green) and propidium iodide (fluorescent red) were used to stain live cells and dead cells. Morphology and spatial distribution of cells within scaffolds were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy FV 1000. RESULTS: SEM showed that the composite scaffolds had suitable porous structure. CCK-8 and live/dead staining demonstrated that the composite scaffolds had no cytotoxicity and could promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation. The FTIR results demonstrated the successful mixing of these two elements, and the addition of DMECM improved the elastic modulus and cytotoxicity of G/C composite scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS: This study developed a composite scaffold using DMECM and G/C, and demonstrated that it might be suitable for meniscal tissue engineering application.

Expression and role of β-catenin in suppression of liver regeneration in small-for-size liver graft after transplantation in rats / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the expression and role of β-catenin in small-for-size liver grafts during early stage of liver regeneration after liver transplantation in rats.Method The livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats were reduced to 30％ or 50％ of their original sizes and transplanted.The experiment was divided into 3 groups:small-for-size graft group (SSG),half-size graft group (HSG) and sham-operated group.Liver samples were harvested at various time points after transplantation (n =6 per time point) for Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 3rd day after liver transplantation for estimating liver regeneration rate.Result Liver regeneration rate in SSG group was lower than that in HSG group.The expression of β-catenin was down-regulated in liver graft of both groups after being stored in cold Ringer solution for 2 h.The expression of β-catenin was significant up-regulated in HSG group from 5 min to 12 h after operation,while the down-regulated expression of β-catenin was persisted in SSG group at 5 min after operation,and mildly increased expression of β-catenin occurred at 2 h and 6 h,which was significantly lower than that in HSG group at the corresponding time points.The expression of active-β-catenin was low in each group before transplantation.Significant expression of active-β-catenin was found at 5 min in HSG group and persisted until 12 h after operation,mildly increased expression of active-β-catenin in SSG group was only found at 2 h,which was lower than that in HSG group at the same time points.Immunohistochemical staining revealed that β-catenin was mainly expressed on the hepatocyte membrane and in cytoplasm in the sham-operative group,many hepatocytes exhibited nuclear localization of β-catenin in HSG group from 5 min to 24 h,while only some hepatocytes exhibited nuclear localization of β-catenin in SSG group.The expression of Cyclin D1 in SSG group was significantly lower than that in HSG group,which was similar to the expression of C-Myc.Conclusion Attenuated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and down-regulated expression of target genes during early regeneration of small-for-size liver grafts may be involved in the inhibition of liver regeneration of small for size liver grafts.

Advances in poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) based platforms for cell culture / 生物工程学报

Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), a temperature-responsive polymer, can be potentially applied to replace enzymes or cell scrapers to recover attached cells. Taking full advantage of this unique function of PNIPAAm, cells can be protected from enzymatic hydrolysis and mechanical treatment, thereby to provide ideal seed cells with high quality for biomedical fields. In this review we describe the method to facilitate cell effective adhesion and rapid detachment on thermoresponsive two dimensional surfaces, including selecting special substrate, introducing hydrophilic group, adjusting reactant ratio, controlling polymer thickness/density, providing appropriate external force, so as to effectively improve adherent cell adaptability to thermoresponsive surfaces, depress the risk of bacterial contamination and reduce the effect of low-temperature treatment on the cells. The three dimensional cell culture systems involved in temperature-sensitive microcarriers, scaffolds and gels were briefly discussed. The application based on the platforms for cell culture was also presented.

Dynamic fabrication of tissue-engineered bone substitutes based on derived cancellous bone scaffold in a spinner flask bioreactor system.

The in vitro dynamic fabrications of tissue-engineered bones were performed to assess the advantages of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) combined with acellular cancellous bone scaffold coming from fresh pig femur in a spinner flask compared with traditional static culture. In this study, the bio-derived cancellous bone was regarded as a biomimetic scaffold, and its surface appearance was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, its modulus of elasticity and chemical composition were measured with universal testing machine (UTM) and infrared detector, respectively. hADSCs were inoculated into cancellous bone scaffold at a density of 1 × 10(6) cells/mL and cultured in spinner flask and T-flask with osteogenic medium (OM) for 2 weeks, respectively. Following to this, the osteogenic differentiation was qualitatively and quantitatively detected with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kits, and the cell growth and viability were assayed using Live/Dead staining; cell adhesion and extracellular matrix secretion were observed under a SEM. The average pore size of cancellous bone scaffold was 284.5 ± 83.62 µm, the elasticity modulus was 41.27 ± 15.63 MPa, and it also showed excellent biocompatibility. The hADSCs with multidifferentiation potentials were well proliferated, could grow to 90 % fusion within 5 days, and were therefore suitable to use as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered bones. After 2 weeks of fabrication, cells were well-distributed on scaffolds, and these scaffolds still remained intact. Compared to static environment, the ALP expression, cell distribution, and extracellular matrix secretion on cancellous bones in spinner flask were much better. It confirmed that three-dimensional dynamic culture in spinner flask promoted ADSC osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and matrix secretion significantly to make for the fabrication of engineered bone substitutes.

Stimulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate on cardiomyogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells / 生物工程学报

To study the effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), we seeded the cells in the culture plates and used cardiomyocyte culture medium (CMCM) combining with different concentration of S1P to induce UC-MSCs and AD-MSCs in vitro for 7, 14 and 28 days. Cardiomyogenic differentiations were identified through immunofluorescence staining, and the results were observed with fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. The effects of S1P and CMCM on cell activity were evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The functional characteristic similar to cardiomyocytes was evaluated through detecting calcium transient. Our results showed that cardiomyogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs or AD-MSCs were enhanced with S1P concentration increasing, but cell activities declined. Results showed that the suitable differentiation time was 14 days, and the optimal concentration of S1P was 0.5 micromol/L. When working together with CMCM, S1P could promote the differentiation of UC-MSCs or AD-MSCs into functional cardiomyocytes, giving rise to specific electrophysiological properties (the calcium transient). Taken together, our results suggested that S1P could promote the differentiation of UC-MSCs or AD-MSCs into functional cardiomyocytes when being cultured in CMCM.

A case of biliary cystadenocarcinoma with malignant seeding of the tract after percutaneous catheter drainage.

Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is rare tumor that originates from the hepatobiliary epithelium, and its clinical diagnosis is difficult during the preoperative course. A 65-year-old woman with biliary cystadenocarcinoma was misdiagnosed as hepatic abscess and underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous catheter drainage. Ten months later, the patient was re-admitted to our department with a mucin-producing cauliflower-like mass measuring 10x10x5 cm³ at the site of puncture. Tumor seeding through the percutaneous catheter drainage tract was diagnosed. Complete resection of the primary and metastatic tumor with partial abdominal wall tissue was performed. No local recurrence could be found after a follow-up of more than two years.

Simultaneous expansion and harvest of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood.

The simultaneous expansion and harvest of hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood were carried out using bioreactors. The co-culture of umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was performed within spinner flasks and a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor using glass-coated styrene copolymer (GCSC) microcarriers. The medium used was composed of serum-free IMDM containing a cocktail of SCF 15 ng·mL(-1), FL 5 ng·mL(-1), TPO 6 ng·mL(-1), IL-3 15 ng·mL(-1), G-CSF 1 ng·mL(-1) and GM-CSF 5 ng·mL(-1). Accessory stromal cells derived from normal allogeneic adipose tissue were encapsulated in alginate-chitosan (AC) beads and used as feeding cells. The quality of the harvested UCB-HSCs and MSCs was assessed by immunophenotype analysis, methylcellulose colony and multi-lineage differentiation assays. After 12 days of culture, the fold-expansion of total cell numbers, colony-forming units (CFU-C), CD34(+)/CD45(+)/CD105(-) (HSCs) cells and CD34(-)/CD45(-)/CD105(+) (MSCs) cells using the RWV bioreactor were (3.7 ± 0.3)- , (5.1 ± 1.2)- , (5.2 ± 0.4)- , and (13.9 ± 1.2)-fold respectively, significantly better than those obtained using spinner flasks. Moreover, UCB-HSCs and UCB-MSCs could be easily separated by gravity sedimentation after the co-culture period as only UCB-MSCs adhered on to the microcarriers. Simultaneously, we found that the fibroblast-like cells growing on the surface of the GCSC microcarriers could be induced and differentiated towards the osteoblastic, chondrocytic and adipocytic lineages. Phenotypically, these cells were very similarly to the MSCs derived from bone marrow positively expressing the MSCs-related markers CD13, CD44, CD73 and CD105, while negatively expressing the HSCs-related markers CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. It was thus demonstrated that the simultaneous expansion and harvest of UCB-HSCs and UCB-MSCs is possible to be accomplished using a feasible bioreactor culture system such as the RWV bioreactor with the support of GCSC microcarriers.

Interaction behaviors between chitosan and hemoglobin.

The interaction and association between chitosan and hemoglobin (Hb) are studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, viscometry, circular dichroism, dynamic and static light scattering. Chitosan can obviously associate with Hb to form protein-chitosan complexes, which affects microstructure of Hb. The distance between the first association site of chitosan with 214-tryptophan residue in Hb is about 5.473 nm. The intrinsic UV-vis absorption and fluorescence intensities of Hb increase with an increase of chitosan concentration. The alpha-helix in Hb is drawn and changed into beta-sheet.

Construction of pIRES2-AcGFP1-CD eukaryotic expression plasmid and its expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are easily isolated and amplified, and facilitate the exogenous gene transfer and expression. In the human medicine, it is believed that BMSCs are ideal therapeutic cells and target cells in the gene therapy.OBJECTIVE: To investigate liposome-mediated cytosine deaminase (CD) gene transfecting rabbit BMSCs and its gene expression. DESIGN: A single sample observation. SETTING: Dalian Research and Development Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering; Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at in the Dalian Research and Development Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering; Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University from March 2006 to June 2007. New Zealand big-ear white rabbits of either gender, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, with the age of 5 months old, were included in this study. METHODS: The CD gene was obtained from E.coli JM109 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The fragment was cloned into pMD19-T vector. After restriction enzyme BamHI/XhoI digestion analysis and DNA sequence analysis, pIRES2-AcGFP1-CD eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed. Meanwhile, BMSCs were harvested, cultured and identified. After enzyme digestion of eukaryotic expression plasmid, the rabbit BMSCs were transfected by Lipofectamine 2000-mediated method. Twenty-four hours after transfection, expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under an inverted fluorescent microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid and identification of CD gene-transferred BMSCs. RESULTS: CD gene was cloned and connected to eukaryotic expression plasmid with green fluorescence. Twenty-four hours after transfecting rabbit BMSCs, it was found under an inverted microscope that under the excitation of 488 nm blue light, green fluorescence appeared in the pIRES2-AcGFP1-CD and pIRES2-AcGFP1 empty-plasmid transfected BMSCs, but not in the non-transfected ones. It indicates that CD gene successfully transferred BMSCs. CONCLUSION: BMSCs are ideal vectors in the CD gene therapy.

Expression and significance of tyrosine kinase receptor B and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in gastric carcinoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the expressions of tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk)B and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein in human gastric careinoma and compare them with those in epithelial cells of normal mucous, in order to evaluate their clinicopathological significance. Method The expressions of TrkB and BDNF protein in tumor tissues, matched with para-tumor mueosal tissues from 64 cases with gastric carcinoma and normal mucous of 20 cases were observed immunohistochemically and related to some of the clinicopathological parameters. Results The positive rates of TrkB and BDNF protein in tumor tissues were 60.9% and 59.4% respectively, but there was negative in matched para-tumor mueosal tissues and normal mucosal tissues. TrkB and BDNF protein expressions were related to invasive depth,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of cancer, but not to sex, age and degrees of cancerous differentiation.The positive rates of TrkB and BDNF protein in cases with serosal infiltration, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in cases without serosal infiltration, lymph node metas-tasis, and TNM stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ (P< 0.01 ). In group with metastasis the positive rates of TrkB and BDNF protein were lower in metastatic foci (76.5%, 26/34, 70.6%, 24134) than those in primary tumor (85.3%, 29134,82.4%, 28/34 ), but statistically there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05 ). Conclusions The expressions of TrkB and BDNF protein are closely relatedto tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma. The increased expression of TrkB and BDNF may promote the occurrance of local invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Time effectiveness of allotransplantation of rat embryonic neural stem cells for repairing spinal cord injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that neural stem cells play potential therapeutic effects on the repair of spinal cord injury. However, the time for acquiring the best allotransplantation effects remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to observe the repairing effects of allotransplantation of embryonic neural stem cells on the motor function of rat two posterior limbs after spinal cord injury and investigate the time effectiveness of the allotransplantation.DESIGN: A controlled observational experiment.SETTING: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University; Laboratory of Biomedicine, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.METHODS: This study was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University & Laboratory of Biomedicine, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology between July and August 2003. One albino rat of gestational 14-16 days was sacrificed for harvesting embryonic rat brain cells. Embryonic rat cerebral cortex and subcortical periventricular brain tissue were taken for in vitro culture of rat embryonic neural stem cells. An additional 30 adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group: control, early allotransplantation and delayed allotransplantation groups. All 30 rats were subjected to spinal cord transection injury, leading to rat paralysis of both lower extremities. Embryonic rat neural stem cells were transplanted into the rats in the early and delayed transplantation groups at 3 days and 3 weeks after injury, respectively. Following allotransplantation, motor function of rat two lower extremities was followed. At 4 weeks after allotransplantation of neural stem cells, rat spinal cord was harvested from transplanted region for immunohistochemistry in order to observe and compare the morphological change of rat spinal cord tissue among the 3 groups. The following protocol was performed in accordance with ethical guidelines stated in Guide for the use and care of laboratory animals, approved by the Committee on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources Commission on Life Scineces, National Research Council, China (1985).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motor functional recovery of rat two lower extremities after neural stem cell transplantation. Histomorphological change of rat spinal cord at 4 weeks after neural stem cell transplantation.RESULTS: Thirty rats were included in the final analysis. In the early and delayed transplantation groups, the motor function of rat two lower extremities was noticeably improved, in particular in the early transplantation group. In the two experimental groups, muscular strength of paralyzed rat two lower extremities began to recover 5 or 6 days after transplantation of neural stem cells. Two or three weeks later, all rats in the two experimental groups could crawl and four weeks later, two extremities could move actively (approximately approaching to score 3 prescribed as follows). In the control group, no recovery of paralyzed extremities was found. At 4 weeks after transplantation, in the early transplantation group, proliferative tissue could be visible in the spinal cord transplantation region. Through the use of microscope, a considerable number of new cells were found that presented with neuronal and glial cell-positive staining. In the control group, a cavity between two broken ends could be visible. Meanwhile, necrosis and vacuolar degeneration, and other symptoms in the stump of spinal cord were observed with a microscope. In the delayed transplantation group, the histomorphological change of spinal cord region was between the other two groups. No typical histomorphological change was found. A number of new cells were apparent with a microscope, but the number was less compared with the early transplantation group.CONCLUSION: Allotransplantation of embryonic neural stem cells promotes the recovery of rat motor function after spinal cord transection. Early transplantation acquires better therapeutic effects.

The investigation of ex-vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells / 生物医学工程学杂志

Rotating wall vessel (RWV) was used for the ex-vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood stem cells to meet the requirement of clinical application in the aspect of quantity and quality of the stem cells. The mononuclear cells (MNCs) from umbilical cord blood were cultured in T-flasks for 24 h, and then inoculated in RWV to culture for 200 h. The nucleated-cell numbers, pH and osmolality of the culture medium were determined every 24 h. The CD34+ cells content was measured and CFU-GM culture was carried out at 144 h and 197 h. Nucleated cells (NC) and CD34+ cells had a 435.5 +/- 87.6 fold expansion and a 32.7 +/- 15.6 fold expansion respectively in 197 h, and CFU-GM (colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage) cells had a 21.7 +/- 4.9 fold expansion. In the whole course of culture, the pH and osmolality of the medium in the RWV were kept in the optimal hematopoietic stem cells' expansion conditions. pH was kept from 7.2 to 7.4, and the osmolality was kept from 290 mmol/kg to 310 mmol/kg. Owing to its structural particularity, the RWV could ensure cells to grow in the suspension state, could simulate the micro-environment of umbilical cord blood, and thus could make the hematopoietic stem cells expand largely in the RWV in short time.

Simulation of the growth of neurosphere cultured in bioreactors / 生物医学工程学杂志

When the size of a neurosphere cultured in vitro reaches a certain critical value, a necrotic core will appear inside the neurosphere because of the limitation of oxygen or other nutrients transport from medium to the cells in the neurasphere. Large necrotic core will greatly reduce the expansion of NSCs. The cellular automaton (CA) model is applied in this article to model the growth of NSCs in sphere state. The appearance and enlargement of the necrotic core in a neurosphere is calculated by coupling the CA model with the nutrient diffusion analysis in bioreactors. The calculation results indicate that the culture conditions, such as seeding density, the concentration of nutrients in medium and the mass transfer coefficient between a neurosphere and medium, have some effects on the appearance of the necrotic core. However, the necrotic core mainly depends on the inner diffusion. It will certainly appear if the size of the neurosphere is large enough even the outside mass transfer is in a good condition in bioreactors. Additionally, the appearance of the necrotic core resulting from the shortage of oxygen is earlier than that caused by the limitation of glucose. And the growth of the necrotic core is very fast after its appearance, and the whole neurosphere may become necrotic. The model developed with cellular automaton and mass transfer is a good qualitative representation of NSCs growth in bioreactors.

Effects of nanotopography of bioactive surface on Pseudomonas fluorescence cell adhesion / 生物医学工程学杂志

The nanoparticle-modified surfaces were built up by alternating deposition of oppositely charged Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles (from 10 nm to 500 nm) solutions. The properties of these nanoparticle-modified surfaces and the controls were investigated by Atomic Force Microscope for topography analysis. Pseudomonas Fluorescence (PF) cell adhesion was evaluated by microscopic determination of the numbers of cells that adhered to the produced slides exposed to PF cell suspensions on static and dynamic condition. The results show that adhesion of PF to both surfaces readily increases with the time of exposition but the adhered numbers of PF on produced surfaces are considerably higher than that on controls in static condition. Cell morphologies on these nanoparticle-modified surfaces studied by inverted microscope show that the adhered PF on the produced surfaces are more in presence of clusters, which contributes more to the total adhering numbers in the late of cell adhesion assays. Meanwhile on controls the cells rarely attained confluence and had a single shape. The significant statistical correlation observed between nanoparticle-modified surfaces and control adds a new concept to the studies of substratum topography influence on cell behavior. The results suggest that nanoparticle-modified surfaces may enhance the interactions between PF cell and slides.

Ultrasound enhancement of biocide efficiency.

In order to take account of the likely increase in costs of biocides in the light of increasing legislation and concern for the environment, there is a need to maximise the efficiency of biocides for the control of biofouling. The use of ultrasound in conjunction with biocides offers such an opportunity. Tests have been carried out using ultrasound generated at 20 kHz in conjunction with the oxidising biocide ozone, in a laboratory pilot plant, to investigate the effects of mutuality. The preliminary results reported in this paper suggest that the combined effect of ultrasound and the biocide is better than either separately employed. Clearly substantially more work is required in order to maximise effectiveness for minimum cost.

Expression of survivin gene in the dysplasia of gastric mucous epithelium and the gastric carcinoma and its significance / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:To study the expression of survivin a nd its relationship with the expression of bcl-2,p53,PCNA in the dysplasia of gastric mucous epithelium and gastric carcinoma.Methods:The expression of survivin,bcl-2,p53,PCNA was detected in 60 cases of gastric carcinoma, 30 cases of dysplasia of gastric mucous epithelim and 8 cases of normal gastric mucous tissue by using immunohistochemical SP method. Results:The positive rates of survivin were 10%,13%,80% and 82%, respectively, in mild, moderate and svere dysplasia and gastric carcinoma. The positive rates of survivin in mild and moderate dy splasia were significantly lower than in severe dysplasia and carcinoma (P0 05). There was a relationship between survivin gene expression with the invasive depth of gastric carcinoma. lymph node metastases and survival stage (P