The phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor-phenylarsine oxide restores defective phosphoinositide hydrolysis response in anergic C3H-gld/gld lymphocytes.

Mice homozygous for the gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease) mutation develop both lymphadenopathy and autoimmune disease. CD4-CD8- (double negative, DN) T cells comprise the major population of T cells in mature C3H-gld/gld peripheral lymphoid tissues. These DN T cells are unresponsive to many forms of stimuli and have previously been shown to exhibit abnormally elevated levels of membrane phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that IP3 production in response to mitogenic stimulation with Con A or anti-CD3 mAb (145-2CII) is significantly diminished in C3H-gld/gld lymphocytes when compared to that in congenic C3H(-)+/+ cells. The capacity to produce this second-messenger can be restored by pretreating C3H-gld/gld cells with the PTPase inhibitor, phenylarsine oxide (PAO). Although the inhibition of PTPase activity by treatment with PAO did restore C3H-gld/gld cell ability to produce IP3, the signal did not lead to lymphocyte proliferation, but instead to cell death. Our results suggest that the altered phosphoinositide hydrolysis observed in the mutant cells is related to their elevated membrane PTPase activity and that the anergy in these cells is at least in part related to the abnormally high activity of endogenous PTPases.

Dynamic associations of CD45 and Thy-1 on plasma membranes of C3H-gld/gld and C3H-lpr/lpr. I. Potential effects on proliferation and phosphatase activity.

Spatial associations of individual plasma membrane components have been proposed as being important in the functional coupling of these molecules. CD45 and Thy-1 associate on the membranes of both transformed and normal lymphocytes as measured by several different methods, and both of these molecules have been found to contribute to T cell activation and proliferation. Thy-1, however, lacks both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains (it is linked to the plasma membrane through a glucosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage), obliging the activation and proliferation signals that act through Thy-1 to be transduced by neighboring molecules. In the experiments reported here, the association of Thy-1 and CD45 was examined on lymphocytes from two mutant mouse strains, C3H-gld/gld and C3H-lpr/lpr, both of which exhibit lymphocyte activation and proliferation parameters significantly different from the control C3H/HeJ strain. No significant differences in Thy-1/CD45 association (measured by a heterologous epitope blocking assay) to distinguish mutant from wild-type thymocytes were found. However, spatial associations of CD45 and Thy-1 were altered on both mutant lymph node cells and splenic lymphocytes. These abnormal associations suggested possible effects on the membrane protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity associated with CD45. Both C3H-gld/gld and C3H-lpr/lpr lymph node cells were found to have significantly elevated levels of membrane PTPase activity, and this elevation correlated with the anergy to mitogens that develops as these animals age. Finally, monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody (G7) reduced the PTPase activity of wild-type membrane isolates, suggesting that Thy-1/PTPase interactions may be a mechanism by which G7 provokes a lymphoproliferative response.