Intravitreal injection of Huperzine A promotes retinal ganglion cells survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a condition that causes massive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axonal fibers, leading to visual insufficiency. Several intrinsic and external factors can limit the regenerative ability of RGC after TON, subsequently resulting in RGC death. Hence, it is important to investigate a potential drug that can protect RGC after TON and enhance its regenerative capacity. Herein, we investigated whether Huperzine A (HupA), extracted from a Chinese herb, has neuroprotective effects and may enhance neuronal regeneration following the optic nerve crush (ONC) model. We compared the three modes of drug delivery and found that intravitreal injection of HupA could promote RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ONC. Mechanistically, HupA exerted its neuroprotective and axonal regenerative effects through the mTOR pathway; these effects could be blocked by rapamycin. To sum up, our findings suggest a promising application of HupA in the clinical treatment of traumatic optic nerve.

Natural Compound 2-Chloro-1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene, Isolated from Hericium Erinaceus, Inhibits Fungal Growth by Disrupting Membranes and Triggering Apoptosis.

In this study, 2-chloro-1,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzene (CDM), a natural product with anti-Candida albicans activity, was discovered from the Hericium erinaceus mycelium. The minimum inhibitory concentration of CDM was 62.5 µg/mL. Moreover, structural analogues of CDM obtained from chemical synthesis were applied to explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of CDM against C. albicans. It was found that methoxy groups, halogen atoms (except fluorine atoms), and methoxy-meta-position methyl groups in the structure of CDM were the key active groups. Furthermore, we investigated the anti-C. albicans mechanism of CDM. Experiments suggested that CDM destroyed the cell membrane of C. albicans, including the cytoplasmic membrane and mitochondrial membrane, and caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction, which ultimately led to apoptosis of C. albicans. In addition, CDM had no toxicity on human normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells exposed to a concentration of 125 µg/mL. Experiments showed that CDM reduced the damage of C. albicans to the visceral tissue of infected mice and improved the survival rate of mice. Our research provides a scientific basis for the discovery of effective and safe anti-C. albicans drugs from H. erinaceus.

Evaluation of saponins in Paris Polyphylla var.chinensis from twenty-one growing areas / 中成药

AIM To evaluate saponins in Paris Polyphylla Smith var.chinensis (Franch.) Hara from twentyone growing areas.METHODS HPLC was adopted in the content determination of pennogenins { pennogenin-3-O-β-D-glu (1→3) [α-L-rha (1→2)]-β-D-glu (PGGR),polyphyllinsⅥ,Ⅶ,H} and dioscins (gracillin,polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ),then SPSS 22.0 software was used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis.RESULTS Pennogenin was the main kind of Paris Polyphylla var.chinensis saponins,and PGGR,polyphyllins Ⅰ,Ⅴ,Ⅶ,H were the main effective constituents of this medicinal material.The comprehension scores of seven growing areas were more than zero,which was in sequence of Bazhong ＞ Qingchuan ＞ Yanjin ＞ Tongjiang ＞ Nanchuan ＞ Chongzhou ＞ Hongya.Twenty-one batches of samples were divided into four types,which was similar to cluster analysis results.CONCLUSION Bazhong,Qingchuan,Chongzhou,Hongya,Tongjiang in Sichuan,Yanjin in Yunnan,and Nanchuan in Chongqing are suitable for cultivating Paris Polyphylla var.chinensis,which can guarantee the stability of saponins.

Treatment and Analysis of Ventricular Electrical Storm in Adult Patients After Cardiac Surgery / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To summarize the reason and treatment of ventricular electrical storm (VES) in adult patients after cardiac surgery.Methods:A total of 36 adult patients with VES after cardiac surgery in our hospital from 2011-08 to 2015-05 were retrospectively analyzed for their peri-operative and clinical conditions before and after VES occurrence.Results:All 36 patients suffered from VES after cardiac surgery during ICU stay including 23 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),5 with CABG and ventricular aneurysm resection,5 with valve replacement,2 with Bentall operation and 1 with Marrow operation.There were 32/36 (88.89％) patients out of the breathing machine upon VES disappearing and discharged smoothly,4 (11.11％) patients died of multiple organ failure.There were 22 (61.11％) patients with myocardium ischemia induced VES.32 patients were followed-up for 1 year,28/36 (77.78％) patients recovered to sinus rhythm,2 (5.56％) received endocardial pacemaker placement and 2 (5.56％) suffered from atrial fibrillation;no cardiac death during follow-up period.Conclusion:VES was often occurred at the early stage in adult patients after cardiac surgery;it usually had clear reason or inducement,rapid and efficient treatment could achieve satisfactory results.

Treatment and Analysis of Ventricular Electrical Storm in Adult Patients After Cardiac Surgery / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To summarize the reason and treatment of ventricular electrical storm (VES) in adult patients after cardiac surgery.Methods:A total of 36 adult patients with VES after cardiac surgery in our hospital from 2011-08 to 2015-05 were retrospectively analyzed for their peri-operative and clinical conditions before and after VES occurrence.Results:All 36 patients suffered from VES after cardiac surgery during ICU stay including 23 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),5 with CABG and ventricular aneurysm resection,5 with valve replacement,2 with Bentall operation and 1 with Marrow operation.There were 32/36 (88.89％) patients out of the breathing machine upon VES disappearing and discharged smoothly,4 (11.11％) patients died of multiple organ failure.There were 22 (61.11％) patients with myocardium ischemia induced VES.32 patients were followed-up for 1 year,28/36 (77.78％) patients recovered to sinus rhythm,2 (5.56％) received endocardial pacemaker placement and 2 (5.56％) suffered from atrial fibrillation;no cardiac death during follow-up period.Conclusion:VES was often occurred at the early stage in adult patients after cardiac surgery;it usually had clear reason or inducement,rapid and efficient treatment could achieve satisfactory results.

Opacity proteins of neisseria gonorrhoeae in lipooligosaccharide mutants lost ability to interact with neutrophil-restricted CEACAM3 (CD66d) / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Lipooligosacharide (LOS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci, GC) is involved in the interaction of GC with host cells. Deletion of the alpha-oligosaccharide (alpha-OS) moiety of LOS (lgtF mutant) significantly impairs invasion of GC into epithelial cell lines. GC opacity (Opa) proteins, such as OpaI, mediate phagocytosis and stimulate chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils in part through interaction with members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which includes CEACAM3 (CD66d), a human neutrophil specific receptor for phagocytosis of bacteria. In the present work, we examined the effects of OpaI-expressing lgtF mutant on phagocytosis by HeLa-CEACAM3 cells and chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. The results showed that lgtF mutant even expressing OpaI completely lost the ability to promote either phagocytosis mediated by CEACAM3 interaction in HeLa cells or chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. These data indicated that Opa proteins in the lgtF mutant, which might result from the conformational change, cannot be functional.

Efficacy of Peg-interferon alpha-2a combinated with entecavir on HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients with high serum hepatitis B viral loads / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a combination treatment of entecavir and Peginterferon alpha-2a for HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients with high serum hepatitis B viral loads.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>60 treatment-naive HBeAg-positive CHB patients with high serum hepatitis B viral loads were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups: group A received Peginterferon alpha-2a monotherapy for 48 weeks (n = 20); group B received entecavir monotherapy for more than 48 weeks (n = 20); group C received Peginterferona alpha-2a combined with entecavir for 12 weeks, then Peginterferon alpha-2a monotherapy for 36 weeks (n = 20). Virological response, ALT normalization, HBeAg and HBsAg seroclearance rate were analysed at the end of 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were 50% and 10%, 95% and 25% and 100% and 30% in group C and group A respectively, 50% and 20%, 95% and 75% and 100% and 90% in group C and group B respectively at the end of 4, 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. The differences were significant between group C and A (Z = -4.6, P < 0.001), group C and B (Z = -2.53, P = 0.0114). ALT normalization rate was significantly lower in group A than that of group C (Z = -2.63, P = 0.0086). HBeAg levels declined more in group C than the other two groups after 24 weeks of treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients with high serum hepatitis B viral loads, combination treament of Peginterferon alpha-2a with entecavir is more effective than Peginterferon alpha-2a monotherapy in virologic response and ALT normalization after 24 weeks of treatment.</p>

Application of ultrasonic inspection in monitoring dynamic healing of mandibular fracture in rabbit model

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing.@*METHODS@#Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone. At the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound, respectively. All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard. Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods.@*RESULTS@#In each healing stage, the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination, as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892 (P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Non-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser-aided debonding for removing the metal brackets / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility of pulsed Nd:YAG laser-aided debonding for removing orthodontic metal brackets and to compare the method with the conventional mechanical debonding method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty healthy premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were randomly divided into five groups (10 teeth in each group). There were four experimental groups and one control group. Every tooth was bonded with bracket. Laser was used to irradiate the teeth in experimental groups with different electric currents (13.0, 13.5, 14.0, 14.5 A). During the irradiation, the brackets received 4.9 N of force until the brackets off. The time needed for debonding and the temperature change of the pulp cavity were recorded. The teeth in control group were debonded using mechanical method. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was calculated using stereomicroscope and imagetool software. All samples were examined with a scanning electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time taken between the four groups were (67.70 ± 7.18), (35.90 ± 4.28), (24.90 ± 3.76), (6.90 ± 2.33) s, highly statistical difference was found in the time needed for debonding (P < 0.01). The temperature in the pulp cavity among the four groups were (20.97 ± 3.10), (12.75 ± 3.14), (8.99 ± 2.47), (2.91 ± 1.88)°C, and statistical differences were found in temperature change of the pulp cavity (P < 0.05). ARI of three experimental groups and the control group were (8.55 ± 5.02)%, (15.42 ± 7.37)%, (5.55 ± 3.79)%, (13.72 ± 6.69)%, and (74.36 ± 29.44)%. The enamel surface of the control group was coarse with deep scratchs. The enamel surface was smooth and clean in the experimental groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pulsed Nd:YAG laser-aided debonding for removing metal brackets was feasible. Laser-aided debonding was better than conventional mechanical debonding method. The method reduced the damage to the enamel surface.</p>

Chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes and adipose-derived adult stromal cells in three-dimensional scaffolds / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The key factor for cartilage repair is an orient differentiation of seed cells in three-dimensional scaffold; however,clear cartilage is haply observed in the three-dimensional scaffold.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), chondrocytes (CCs) and adipose-derived adult stromal cells (ADAS) in three-dimensional scaffolds METHODS: BMSCs, CCs, and ADAS were primary-cultured from goat bone marrow following trypsin digestion and amplified in monolayer. P1 BMSCs, P3 CCs, and P3 ADAS were implanted into collagen/hyaluronic acid scaffold at different concentrations of 10%, 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, and the cells were then three-dimensionally cultured in serum-free culture media. Two weeks later, SO staining and immunohistochemical staining were employed to observe the synthesis between of chondroitin sulfate and type Ⅱ collagen.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The seeded cells had chondrogenesis in scaffolds under certain conditions. In details, BMSCs in 20% (W/W) hyaturonan/collagen Ⅰ scaffolds could perform a hyaline-cartilaginous phenotype when they were expanded with less than 3 passages and cultured in a chondrogenic medium, and CCs did better than BMSCs in chondrogenesis with high passage number; however, ADAS just showed a minor chondrogenesis even in a pellet culture. BMSCs and CCs were better than ADAS as seeded cells for cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

[Study of cubic boron nitride crystal UV absorption spectroscopy].

UV absorption spectroscopy of artificial cubic boron nitride (cBN) single crystal flake, synthesized under high-temperature and high-pressure, was studied in the present paper. UV WINLAB spectrometer was used in the experiments, and MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY software was used for data analysis. The UV-cBN limit of 198 nm was showed in this test by a special fixture quartz sample. We calculated the energy gap by virtue of the formula: lambda0 = 1.24/E(g) (microm). The energy gap is 6. 26 eV. There are many viewpoints about the gap of cBN. By using the first-principles theory to calculate energy band structure and density of electronic states of cBN, an indirect transition due to electronics in valence band jumping into conduction band by absorbing photon can be confirmed. That leads to UV absorption. The method of calculation was based on the quantum mechanics of CASTEP in the commercial software package of Cerius2 in the Co. Accerlrys in the United States. The theory of CASTEP is based on local density approximation or gradient corrected LDA. The crystal parameter of cBN was input to the quantum mechanics of CASTEP in order to construct the crystal parameter model of cBN. We calculated the energy gap of cBN by the method of gradient corrected LDA. The method underestimates the value of nonconductor by about 1 to 2 eV. We gaot some opinions as follows: cBN is indirect band semiconductor. The energy gap is 4.76 eV, less than our experiment. The reason may be defect that we ignored in calculating process. It was reported that the results by first principles method of calculation of the band generally was less than the experimental results. This paper shows good UV characteristics of cBN because of the good agreement of experimental results with the cBN band width. That is a kind of development prospect of UV photo-electronic devices and high-temperature semiconductor devices.

Relationship between inactivation of p16 gene and gastric carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between inactivation of p16 gene and gastric carcinoma, and the mechanism of inactivation of p16 gene in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS: 40 fresh tumor tissue specimens were taken from primary gastric cancer patients. Expression of P16 protein was detected by immunohistochemical method. Deletion and point mutation of p16 gene were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, respectively. RESULTS: The frequency of loss of P16 protein expression in the gastric cancer tissue, adjacent nontumor tissue, and distal normal tissue was 77.5 % (31/40), 55.0 % (22/40), and 17.5 % (7/40), respectively (P<0.005). Homozygous deletion of exon 1 and exon 3 was observed in two and three cases, respectively, giving an overall frequency of homozygous deletion of 12.5 %. All five cases had diffuse type gastric carcinoma. No p16 gene point mutation was detected. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a close correlation between inactivation of p16 gene and gastric carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to testify the mechanism of inactivation of p16 gene in gastric carcinogenesis.

Examination of gastric carcinoma with CT virtual gastroscopy using bi-tilted CT scanning / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To investigate the procedure,imaging features and clinical significance of CT virtual gastroscopy(CTVG) in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma using bi-tilted CT scanning.Methods Thirty patients and ten normal volunteers had bitilted CT scan using helical CT(GE lightspeed 16 CT).The patients and yolunteers were given bubble-making powder by mouth and placed in a supine position on the CT table.CTVG and MPR images were obtained using the virtual dissection and reform of GE.Results The appearances of the inner lesion and normal wall of the stomach on CTVG were similar to those on fiberoptic gastroscopy.The CTVG and MPR features of gastric cancer were focal or diffuse mural thickening,soft tissue mass,stenosis of stomach,cancerous ulcer,infiltration to adjacent tissues,and lymph node and distant metastases.In comparison with fiberoptic gastroscopy(as the gold standard),CTVG showed a diagnostic accuracy of 92.5 %,a sensitivity of 93.3 %,a specificity of 90.0 %,a positive prediction value of 96.7 %,and a negative prediction value of 81.8 %.Conclusions CTVG is a safe,reliable,non-invasive method for demonstrating the structure of normal and abnormal stomach,and is a good complementory method to conventional fiberoptic gastroscopy.

Effect of Zhiqi oral solution on adult periodontitis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To evaluate therapeutic effect of Zhiqi oral solution on adult periodontitis. METHODS: Supragingival scaling and root planning were carried out in 100 patients with adult periodontitis. Then the patients with periodontitis were divided into two groups randomly. 32 patients in the control group took orally Metronidazole and 68 patients in the experimental group took orally Zhiqi oral solution. The pain reaction, bleeding index, probing depth, plaque index, changes of microorganisms in periodontal pocket and side effect before and after the treatment were observed at a 30 days observation period. RESULTS:Zhiqi oral solution had a therapeutic effect on periodontitis, compared with the control group ( P

The experimental study on rhBMP-2 combined with type I collagen as pulp capping agent in cats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To assess the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) combined with type I collagen on pulp capping in cats. METHODS: Freshly exposed pulps of thirty cats were capped with four different pulp capping agents: rhBMP-2/collagen I, calcium hydroxide, type I collagen and bovine serum albumin as control. The reparative dentinogenesis and osteocalcin content were assessed after 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks by means of histology and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: the pulpal tissues of the teeth capped with rhBMP-2/collagen showed mild inflammation and odontoblast differentiation with tublar dentin bridge on the exposed site. The level of bone ?-carboxyglutamic containing protein(BGP) in the group of rhBMP-2 with collagen I was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P