Influencia de la calidad de la dieta de escolares sobre parámetros sanguíneos y antropométricos relacionados con la salud / Quality of school age children’s diet influence in blood and anthropometric parameters related to health

Fundamentos: Debido al aumento global del sobrepeso y la obesidad, especialmente entre jóvenes y adolescentes, se hace necesario conocer los factores modificables que pueden ayudar a combatir estas patologías desde una edad temprana. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la calidad de la dieta de escolares y ver su influencia en parámetros sanguíneos y antropométricos relacionados con la salud. Métodos: Se recogieron datos personales (edad, sexo y fecha de nacimiento), antropométricos (peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura y circunferencia de la cadera, cantidad de masa grasa, %graso, cantidad de masa libre de grasa y peso óseo), sanguíneos (concentración de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos) y de calidad de la dieta a través del cuestionario KIDMED. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron que un porcentaje elevado de escolares tienen una dieta de mala calidad o que podría mejorarse (51,1%), siendo más elevado en niños que en niñas (56% vs 46,1%). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros antropométricos y sanguíneos estudiados entre los escolares con diferentes niveles de calidad de la dieta. Conclusiones: La calidad de la dieta, analizada de forma independiente y aislada, no es un indicador de cambio; se necesitan conocer otros factores que de forma integrada puedan modificar estos parámetros (AU)

Background: Due to the global increase of overweight and obesity especially among youth and adolescents it is necessary to know what factors can help to fight against these diseases from an early age. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of schoolchildren’s diet and how it can influence blood and anthropometric parameters related to health. Methods: Personal (age, gender and birth date), anthropometric (weight, height, fat body mass, %fat body mass, lean body mass and bone weight), blood (glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides) and diet quality through KIDMED questionnaire data were collected. Results: These results showed that a high percentage of students have a poor quality diet or that could be improved (51.1%) being highest percentage in boys than girls (56% vs 46.1%). No differences were found in anthropometric and blood parameters among students with different levels of diet quality. Conclusions: Therefore, the quality of the diet was analysed independently in isolation so is not an indicator of change. It is necessary to know other related factors that could change these parameters (AU)

Modificaciones de la composición corporal de mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas sometidas a un programa de aeróbic / Changes in body composition in pre and post menopausal women after an aerobic program

Introducción y objetivoLa menopausia implica una serie de modificaciones hormonales y un aumento del número de trastornos, como puede ser la mayor tendencia a la obesidad, que repercuten negativamente en la salud de la mujer pre y posmenopáusica. El objetivo que nos proponemos es describir las modificaciones de la composición corporal que sufren grupos de mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas tras realizar un programa de aeróbic.Material y métodosParticiparon treinta mujeres sedentarias que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Realizaron un programa de ejercicio físico durante seis meses basado en la práctica del aeróbic. Se realizó una valoración antropométrica para valorar la modificación de la composición corporal y de la distribución de la grasa pre y postintervención.ResultadosObservamos que no se producen modificaciones significativas en peso corporal, porcentaje graso y porcentaje muscular en ninguno de los dos grupos tras la realización de aeróbic durante 6 meses. Del mismo modo, tampoco se observan modificaciones significativas en la distribución regional de la grasa, tan sólo se observan reducciones en el pliegue triccipital en el caso de las mujeres posmenopáusicas.ConclusionesLa realización de un programa de aeróbic durante seis meses no provoca modificaciones significativas sobre la composición corporal de mujeres sedentarias pre o posmenopáusicas(AU)

Introduction and objectiveMenopause is associated with hormonal changes and with several physiological changes, as a tendency to increase body fat mass. This may influence in a negative way on health status in pre and post menopausal women. Hence, the aim of this study is to explain modifications in body composition in pre and post menopausal women after performing and aerobic training program.Material and methodsSedentary women (n=30) were involved in this study which performed a six month physical training program based in aerobic sessions. Anthropometric analysis was carried out in order to determine body composition and body fat mass distribution before and after the physical program.ResultsThere were not differences in body weight, body fat percentage or muscle mass in neither of groups after 6 month performing the aerobic training. Furthermore, there were not statistically significant changes in body fat distribution. We only founded some changes in triceps skin fold in postmenopausal group.ConclusionsSix month after performing a physical training based in aerobic sessions does not produce significant changes in body composition in sedentary pre or post menopausal women(AU)

Variations in urine excretion of steroid hormones after an acute session and after a 4-week programme of strength training.

Performing strength exercise, whether acutely or in a training programme, leads to alterations at the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. One way to evaluate these changes is by analysis of the excretion of steroid hormones in the urine. The present study determined the variations in the urine profile of glucuroconjugated steroids after a single session of strength exercise and after a 4-week programme of strength training. The subjects were a group (n = 20) of non-sportsman male university students who worked out 3 days a week [Monday (M), Wednesday (W) and Friday (F)], performing the exercises at 70-75% of one repetition maximum strength (1-RM). Four urine samples were collected per subject: (A) before and (B) after a standard session prior to initiating the training programme, and (C) before and (D) after the same standard session at the end of the study, and they were assayed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The concentrations of the different hormones were determined relatively to the urine creatinine level (ng steroid/mg creatinine) to correct for diuresis. After the exercise sessions, both before and after the training programme, there was a fall in the urine excretion of androgens and estrogens, but no statistically significant changes in the excretion of tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE). The anabolic/catabolic hormones ratio also decreased after the acute session, although only androstenodione + dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)/THE + THF ratio had a significant decrease (P < 0.05). After the training programme, there was a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in the strength of the muscle groups studied, and an increased urinary excretion of all the androgens with respect to the initial state of repose, with the difference being significant in the case of epitestosterone (Epit) (P < 0.05). The androsterone (A) + etiocholanolone (E)/THE + THF ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05) concerning the initial state. We therefore conclude that subjects suffer variations of the urine profile with regard to the steroid hormones before and after the acute strength sessions and after the training period. The alteration after the training programme seems to be due to the subjects' hypothalamic-hypophysis-testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes adaptations, which enable them to increase physical strength.