RESUMO
ABSTRACT Surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer often suffer from malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of fasting time on the nutritional status of patients hospitalized with preoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Observational, longitudinal, and prospective study conducted in the surgical unit at a public-school hospital. The patients were divided into groups: upper (UGIT) and lower (LGIT) gastrointestinal tract. Follow-up started within 72 h of hospitalization with reassessment 72 h after surgery. Data collected: sex, age, type and duration of surgery, preoperative (compared with 8 h) and postoperative (compared with 24 h) fasting time, food acceptance, Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometry, and laboratory tests. Analyses: Student t, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests. Fifty-one patients were followed up, 29 (57%) UGIT and 22 (43%) LGIT. The preoperative fasting time was 8.2±2.8 h in UGIT and 8.1±2.2 h in LGIT groups, respectively; however, postoperative fasting times in UGIT (60.4±40.7 h) and LGIT groups (57.6±38.2 h) were longer than 24 h (P<0.001). Although eutrophic in the preoperative period, in the postoperative most patients in the UGIT and LGIT groups presented, respectively, malnutrition (71%; 59%; P<0.001), severe weight loss (79%; 80%), a significant correlation between triceps skinfold and postoperative fasting time (r= -0.306; P= 0.03), and hemoglobin and albumin values (r= 0.633; P<0.001), additionally low dietary acceptance, especially in the UGIT group. Prolonging postoperative fasting time worsened the nutritional status of surgical patients, especially in the UGIT group.
RESUMEN Los pacientes quirúrgicos con cáncer gastrointestinal a menudo sufren desnutrición. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del tiempo de ayuno en estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados con neoplasias del tracto gastrointestinal preoperatorio y posoperatorio. Estudio observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo realizado en unidad quirúrgica de un hospital escolar público. Los pacientes fueron divididos en grupos: tracto gastrointestinal superior (UGIT) y inferior (LGIT). El seguimiento se inició dentro del 72 h de la hospitalización con reevaluación 72 h después de la cirugía. Datos recolectados: sexo, edad, tipo y duración de la cirugía, tiempo de ayuno preoperatorio (comparado con 8 h) y postoperatorio (comparado con 24 h), aceptación de dieta, Evaluación Subjetiva Global, antropometría y pruebas de laboratorio. Análisis: pruebas de T, Wilcoxon y chi-cuadrado. Se siguió 51 pacientes, 29 (57%) en UGIT y 22 (43%) en LGIT. El tiempo de ayuno preoperatorio fue 8,2±2,8 h (UGIT) y 8,1±2,2 h (LGIT); sin embargo, los tiempos de ayuno posoperatorio en UGIT (60,4±40,7 h) y LGIT (57,6±38,2 h) fueron superiores a 24 h (P<0,001). Aunque eutróficos en preoperatorio, en postoperatorio la mayoría de los pacientes (UGIT y LGIT, respectivamente) presentaron desnutrición (71%; 59%; P<0,001), pérdida de peso severa (79%; 80%), correlación significativa entre pliegue cutáneo del tríceps y tiempo de ayuno posoperatorio (r= -0.306; P= 0.03), valores de hemoglobina y albúmina (r= 0,633; P<0,001), y baja aceptación de dieta, especialmente del UGIT. La prolongación del ayuno postoperatorio empeoró el estado nutricional de los pacientes quirúrgicos, especialmente del UGIT.
RESUMO
Nowadays, it is observed that children consume food containing a large amount of fat and low quantity of fiber such as: candies, snacks, fast food and filled cookies. Because of the need to develop healthier food, the aim of this study was to develop cookie enriched with fiber and less fat content, analyze the fiber and fat composition and verify the acceptability of the cookies in comparison to an industrialized cookie. The analysis of crude fiber and fat were performed in duplicates according to AOAC (1995) methodology. The sensory analysis was performed with 50 children aged between 7 and 10 years-old at a private institution in Santa Maria - RS, using as evaluation form a hedonic facial scale with three points. According to the results it can be concluded that cookie prepared had a good acceptance, without statistics difference between the industrialized one, as well as, achieved a reduction in fat content and an increase in the fiber content.
Atualmente, observa-se que as crianças consomem, em grande quantidade, alimentos contendo excesso de gorduras e pobres em fibras como: balas, salgadinhos, alimentos fast food e biscoitos recheados. Com a necessidade de se elaborar alimentos mais saudáveis, buscou-se por meio do presente estudo elaborar um biscoito recheado enriquecido com fibras e com menor teor de gordura, analisar a composição de fibras e lipídeos e verificar a aceitabilidade do biscoito elaborado em comparação a um biscoito industrializado. As análises de fibra bruta e lipídeos foram realizadas em duplicatas, segundo metodologia descrita pela AOAC (1995). A análise sensorial foi realizada com 50 crianças, com idades entre sete e 10 anos, em uma Instituição Privada de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), utilizando uma ficha de avaliação com escala hedônica facial de três pontos. Houve redução no teor de gorduras e aumento no teor de fibras do biscoito elaborado. Além disso, verificou-se que o biscoito elaborado obteve uma boa aceitação, não diferindo estatisticamente do industrializado.
RESUMO
Nowadays, it is observed that children consume food containing a large amount of fat and low quantity of fiber such as: candies, snacks, fast food and filled cookies. Because of the need to develop healthier food, the aim of this study was to develop cookie enriched with fiber and less fat content, analyze the fiber and fat composition and verify the acceptability of the cookies in comparison to an industrialized cookie. The analysis of crude fiber and fat were performed in duplicates according to AOAC (1995) methodology. The sensory analysis was performed with 50 children aged between 7 and 10 years-old at a private institution in Santa Maria - RS, using as evaluation form a hedonic facial scale with three points. According to the results it can be concluded that cookie prepared had a good acceptance, without statistics difference between the industrialized one, as well as, achieved a reduction in fat content and an increase in the fiber content.
Atualmente, observa-se que as crianças consomem, em grande quantidade, alimentos contendo excesso de gorduras e pobres em fibras como: balas, salgadinhos, alimentos fast food e biscoitos recheados. Com a necessidade de se elaborar alimentos mais saudáveis, buscou-se por meio do presente estudo elaborar um biscoito recheado enriquecido com fibras e com menor teor de gordura, analisar a composição de fibras e lipídeos e verificar a aceitabilidade do biscoito elaborado em comparação a um biscoito industrializado. As análises de fibra bruta e lipídeos foram realizadas em duplicatas, segundo metodologia descrita pela AOAC (1995). A análise sensorial foi realizada com 50 crianças, com idades entre sete e 10 anos, em uma Instituição Privada de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), utilizando uma ficha de avaliação com escala hedônica facial de três pontos. Houve redução no teor de gorduras e aumento no teor de fibras do biscoito elaborado. Além disso, verificou-se que o biscoito elaborado obteve uma boa aceitação, não diferindo estatisticamente do industrializado.