Influence of Workload and Recovery on Injuries in Elite Male Volleyball Players.

ABSTRACT: Timoteo, TF, Debien, PB, Miloski, B, Werneck, FZ, Gabbett, T, and Filho, MGb. Influence of workload and recovery on injuries in elite male volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 791-796, 2021-The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of workload and recovery on injury rates in elite male volleyball players. Data were collected from 14 male professional volleyball players over a 27-week season. Workloads were monitored daily using the session rating of perceived exertion, and recovery status was appraised using the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale. The players were exposed to 4,573.31 hours (h) of training and games with an overall injury incidence of 13.99 per 1,000 hours. Overuse accounted for 83% (11.58 injuries/1,000 hours) and trauma accounted for 17% (2.40 injuries per 1,000 hours) of all injuries. There was a higher incidence of injuries (p = 0.003), higher weekly workload (p = 0.008), and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) (p < 0.001) in the pre-season compared with the competitive period. Healthy players had lower ACWR (p = 0.002) compared with the injured players. The TQR was higher for the healthy group compared with the injured group (p < 0.001). The greater odds of injury was related to higher ACWR (risk factor) (p = 0.014) and lower TQR values (p = 0.004) (protection factor). Athlete's workloads and the state of recovery may be related to injuries in volleyball. The results presented in this study emphasize the importance of controlling these variables in professional volleyball teams to prevent injuries.

Training Load and Recovery During a Pre-Olympic Season in Professional Rhythmic Gymnasts.

CONTEXT: Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute : chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis. RESULTS: The season mean wITL was 10 381 ± 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 ± 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 ± 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 ± 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 ± 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR < 13) during 50.9% of the season (n = 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute : chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n = 55 times). CONCLUSIONS: The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state.

Training load impact on recovery status in professional volleyball athletes / Impacto da carga de treinamento no estado de recuperação em atletas profissionais de voleibol / Impacto de la carga de entrenamiento en el estado de recuperación de atletas profesionales de vóleibol

ABSTRACT Introduction: The success of training depends on the balance between training load magnitude and recovery. Objective: Verify the effect of training load distribution on recovery status, vigor and fatigue in volleyball players during a season. Methods: Nine male athletes from a professional volleyball team participated in the study. During 19 weeks of the season, quantification of the training load was performed through the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method, evaluation of the athletes' recovery status through the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale, and evaluation of the profile of mood state through the POMS questionnaire, with research focus for the subscales vigor and fatigue. Results: The average total weekly training load (TWTL) was 3206 ± 685.5 A. Us and the average recovery of the whole season was 15.3 ± 0.57. The mean values of fatigue and vigor were 11 ± 3.05 and 19.4 ± 2.84, respectively. Significant differences were found for the variables RPE, fatigue and Energy Index (Vigor - Fatigue) in the three different periods of the season (Preparatory Period, Competitive Period I and Competitive Period II). Conclusion: It was concluded that the training load and recovery monitoring methods used throughout the season were effective in controlling the variables, with a positive impact of training loads verified on the recovery values presented by the athletes. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic study.

RESUMO Introdução: O sucesso do treinamento depende do equilíbrio entre a magnitude da carga de treinamento e a recuperação. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da distribuição das cargas de treinamento no estado de recuperação, vigor e fadiga, em jogadores de voleibol ao longo de uma temporada. Métodos: Participaram do estudo nove atletas do sexo masculino de uma equipe profissional de voleibol. Durante 19 semanas da temporada, realizou-se a quantificação da carga de treinamento através do método da Percepção Subjetiva do Esforço da sessão (PSE), da avaliação do estado de recuperação dos atletas através da escala da Qualidade Total de Recuperação (TQR), além da avaliação do perfil do estado de humor através do questionário POMS, com foco de investigação para as subescalas vigor e fadiga. Resultados: A carga de treinamento semanal total (CTST) média foi de 3206 ± 685,5 U.A. e a recuperação média de toda a temporada foi de 15,3 ± 0,57. Já os valores médios da fadiga e vigor foram 11 ± 3,05 e 19,4 ± 2,84, respectivamente. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para as variáveis PSE, fadiga e Energy Index (Vigor - Fadiga) nos três diferentes períodos da temporada (Período Preparatório, Período Competitivo I e Período Competitivo II). Conclusão: Conclui-se que os métodos de monitoramento da carga de treinamento e recuperação utilizados ao longo da temporada foram eficazes no controle das variáveis, observando-se um impacto positivo das cargas de treinamento verificado nos valores de recuperação apresentados pelos atletas. Nível de evidência III; Estudo Diagnóstico.

RESUMEN Introducción: El éxito del entrenamiento depende del equilibrio entre la magnitud de la carga de entrenamiento y la recuperación. Objetivo: Verificar el efecto de la distribución de las cargas de entrenamiento en el estado de recuperación, vigor y fatiga, en jugadores de vóleibol a lo largo de una temporada. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio nueve atletas del sexo masculino de un equipo profesional de vóleibol. Durante 19 semanas de la temporada, se realizó la cuantificación de la carga de entrenamiento a través del método de Percepción Subjetiva del Esfuerzo de Sesión (PSE), de la evaluación del estado de recuperación de los atletas a través de la escala de la Calidad Total de Recuperación (TQR), además de la evaluación del perfil del estado de humor a través del cuestionario POMS, con enfoque de investigación para las subescalas vigor y fatiga. Resultados: La carga de entrenamiento semanal total (CEST) promedio fue de 3206 ± 685,5 U.A. y la recuperación promedio de toda la temporada fue de 15,3 ± 0,57. Los valores promedio de fatiga y vigor fueron 11 ± 3,05 y 19,4 ± 2,84, respectivamente. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para las variables PSE, fatiga y Energy Index (Vigor - Fatiga) en los tres diferentes períodos de la temporada (Período Preparatorio, Período Competitivo I y Período Competitivo II). Conclusión: Se concluye que los métodos de monitorización de la carga de entrenamiento y recuperación utilizados a lo largo de la temporada fueron eficaces en el control de las variables, observándose un impacto positivo de las cargas de entrenamiento verificado en los valores de recuperación presentados por los atletas. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio diagnóstico.