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1.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1012706

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of new integration processing method in producing area and traditional method on the composition and pharmacological action of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata(PMRP), and to illustrate the advantages of toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing of the decoction pieces prepared by the new method. MethodFresh Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PMR) was taken from Dao-di producing area, and was processed by new integration processing method in producing area(steaming with black bean juice under pressure of 0.1 MPa and temperature at 120 ℃ for 10.5 h) and traditional method(steaming with black bean juice under water for 36 h), respectively. Samples were collected during the processing process of the two methods, For new method, the samples were collected at 0.5, 3, 5.5, 8, 10.5 h, separately. For traditional method, the samples were collected every 4 h. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to establish fingerprint and identify common peaks, the content of polysaccharides was determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry at 627 nm, and the contents of anthraquinones and stilbene glycosides in different processed products were determined according to the methods under the item of determination of PMR and PMRP in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In pharmacological experiments, 90 SD rats were randomly divided into 9 groups with 10 in each group(half of male and half of female), including the blank group, and raw products, 24 h processed products under atmospheric pressure, 30 h processed products under atmospheric pressure, 8 h processed products under high pressure groups with low and high dosages(4.125, 16.5 g·kg-1). Rats were given the drug by gavage for 29 d with once a day, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta after the last administration, and the serum was isolated, the body mass and liver mass of rats were weighed and the organ index was calculated. The pathological change of liver tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and biochemical methods were used to detect the contents of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum which used as liver function indicators and the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in brain tissues which used as oxidation indicators. ResultA total of 14 common peaks were identified in the fingerprint of PMR, PMRP prepared by new method and traditional method, and three of the peaks were designated as stilbene glycoside, emodin and emodin methyl ether, respectively. The characteristic peak areas of each processed products changed significantly from 0 min to 25 min, indicating that different processing methods had an effect on the contents of components with high polarity in PMRP, and the trend of the changes of the two methods was similar, with the higher degree of change in the new method. The determination results showed that compared with the traditional method, the content of polysaccharide(a kind of beneficial component in PMRP obtained by the new method) significantly increased, while the contents of stilbene glycoside and bound anthraquinone(liver-damaging ingredients) significantly decreased. The pharmacological results showed that compared with the blank group, AST and LDH levels of male rats in the low and high dose groups of 24 h processed products under atmospheric pressure and AST level of male rats in the low and high dose groups of 8 h processed products under high pressure were significantly reduced(P<0.05, P<0.01), while compared with the raw product groups with the same dose, AST and LDH levels of male rats in the low dose group of 30 h processed products under atmospheric pressure were significantly reduced(P<0.05, P<0.01), the AST levels of male rats in the low and high dose groups of 8 h processed products under high pressure were significantly decreased(P<0.01), and there was no statistical significance in the differences of biochemical indexes of female rats in each administration group as compared with those of the blank group. ConclusionThe new integration processing method in producing area of PMRP can reach the quality of relevant regulations in 8 h. The processed products obtained by this method have more advantages than the traditional method in terms of toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing, and energy saving to avoid the loss of ingredients, which can provide ideas for the production of high-quality decoction pieces of PMRP, and the integration processing method in producing area of other roots and rhizomes of traditional Chinese medicines.

2.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37808792

RESUMO

Paclitaxel is an anticancer therapeutic produced by the yew tree. Over the last two decades, a significant bottleneck in the reconstitution of early paclitaxel biosynthesis has been the propensity of heterologously expressed pathway cytochromes P450, including taxadiene 5α-hydroxylase (T5αH), to form multiple products. This diverts metabolic flux away from the paclitaxel precursor, taxadien-5α-ol, thus previous attempts of reconstitution have not yielded sufficient material for characterization, regardless of the heterologous host. Here, we structurally characterized four new products of T5αH, many of which appear to be over-oxidation of the primary mono-oxidized products. By tuning the promoter strength for T5αH expression, levels of these proposed byproducts decrease with a concomitant increase in the accumulation of taxadien-5α-ol by four-fold. This engineered system enabled the reconstitution of a six step biosynthetic pathway to produce isolatable 5α,10ß-diacetoxy-taxadien-13α-ol. Furthermore, we showed that this pathway may function as a metabolic network rather than a linear pathway. The engineering of the paclitaxel biosynthetic network demonstrates that Taxus genes can coordinatively function for the biosynthetic production of key early stage paclitaxel intermediates and serves as a crucial platform for the discovery of the remaining biosynthetic genes.

3.
PLoS One ; 18(9): e0290582, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37708104

RESUMO

Carbon dioxide emission is a high-profile issue that can affect both the human economy and human existence, but few scholars have studied the relationship between these two. Therefore, this study constructs the panel threshold regression (PTR) based on the National Bureau of Statistics of China's panel data from 2002 to 2019 in 19 regions. One of the advantages of PTR is to leverage segmented functions, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the data. Besides, by introducing the idea of a threshold, PTR can effectively avoid structural changes in the data. The different between this study and other research is that this study divides 19 regions into two parts: Eastern China and Central China. Based on that, this study researches and compares the different influences of the aging population on carbon emissions in these two regions. The results show that although the Environment Kuznets Curve has been confirmed in both Eastern China and Central China, with the development of the economy, the carbon emissions will increase in Eastern China and decrease in Central China, respectively. In addition, the key factors affecting carbon emissions in Eastern China and Central China are trade dependence and urbanization rate separately. Hence, this study suggests that the regional governments in Eastern China may guide and encourage more international trading companies to move to Central China, and at the same time, the regional governments in Central China should issue more policies to attract these companies, such as: reducing land lease fees and building better transportation infrastructure. Apart from that, the governments in Central China should vigorously increase the rate of urbanization to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Dióxido de Carbono , Humanos , Idoso , China , Honorários e Preços , Governo Local
4.
J Wound Care ; 32(4): 220-228, 2023 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37029964

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a bioabsorbable dressing in combination with antibacterial spray in treating third-degree burns. METHOD: Patients with third-degree burns in our hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were enrolled and divided into an experimental group and a control group. In all patients, two wound repair surgeries were performed. During the first surgery, bioabsorbable dressing (PELNAC, Gunze Medical Equipment (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd., China) was used for wound treatment. During the second surgery, autologous split-thickness skin graft was performed. For patients in the experimental group, bioabsorbable dressings (PELNAC) were uniformly applied with antibacterial spray during the operation and during postoperative dressing. For patients in the control group, antibacterial spray was not used. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients took part in the study (experimental group n=36; control group n=32). Infection rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8% versus 21.9%, respectively; p<0.05). The mean wound healing time in the experimental group was shorter by 3.2 days and the wound healing rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05). Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores at specific postoperative time intervals were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bioabsorbable dressing combined with antibacterial spray could reduce infection rate, shorten wound healing time and reduce scar formation in repairing third-degree burns.


Assuntos
Queimaduras , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles , Humanos , Cicatriz/cirurgia , Cicatrização , Implantes Absorvíveis , Bandagens , Transplante de Pele , Queimaduras/cirurgia , Lesões dos Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
5.
Front Plant Sci ; 14: 1137726, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37008474

RESUMO

Studying the seed trait-stem trait-individual spatial pattern system is helpful for understanding the developmental direction of plant dynamics and populations under grazing disturbance as well as the antagonistic relationship between animals and plants, but few systematic analyses of this spatial pattern system have been carried out. Kobresia humilis is the dominant species in alpine grasslands. We studied K. humilis seed traits and their relationship with K. humilis reproductive individuals, the relationship between reproductive and vegetative stems, and the weights and spatial patterns of reproductive and nonreproductive individuals under four grazing treatments: no grazing (control), light grazing, moderate grazing and heavy grazing. We explored the relationship among seed size and seed number with reproductive stems and vegetative stems along the grazing gradient and assessed the spatial pattern changes between reproductive and nonreproductive individuals. The results showed the following: (1) Seed size increased with increasing grazing intensity, and the coefficient of variation for seed size and seed number in the heavy grazing treatment was greater than 0.6. (2) The structural equation model showed that grazing treatment had a positive effect on seed number, seed size and reproductive stem number and a negative effect on reproductive stem weight. (3) Grazing treatment did not affect the resource allocation to reproductive stems and vegetative stems per unit length of reproductive K. humilis individuals. (4) Compared with the number of reproductive individuals in the no grazing treatment, the number in the heavy grazing treatment decreased significantly, and the negative correlation between reproductive individuals and nonreproductive individuals changed from a full-scale negative correlation to a small-scale negative correlation and a large-scale positive correlation. Our study showed that grazing could activate and change the resource allocation pattern of dominant species in a grassland and have significant positive effects on reproductive stem number, reproductive stem weight, seed number and seed size. Along a grazing intensity gradient, with the increase in distance between reproductive and nonreproductive individuals, the transformation of intraspecific relationships from a negative correlation to a positive correlation is an ecological strategy conducive to population survival.

6.
J Sci Food Agric ; 103(5): 2273-2282, 2023 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36620949

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Harpadon nehereus is a high-protein marine fish. A valuable way to add value to H. nehereus is to convert it into protein hydrolysate. The Maillard reaction is an effective way to improve the functional properties of peptides and proteins, which are affected by many factors such as reactant concentration, water activity, pH, temperature, and heating time. However, the traditional Maillard reaction method is inefficient. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the effect of the ultrasound-assisted wet heating method on the Maillard reaction of H. nehereus protein hydrolysate (HNPH) in a new-type green solvent - a natural hypereutectic solvent (NADES). RESULTS: Harpadon nehereus protein hydrolysate-xylose (Xy) conjugates were prepared via a Maillard reaction in a NADES system using an ultrasound-assisted wet heating method. The effects of different treatment conditions on the Maillard reaction were studied. The optimized glycation degree (DG) of HNPH-Xy conjugates was obtained with a water content of 10%, a reaction temperature of 80 °C, a reaction time of 35 min, and an ultrasonic power level of 300 W. Compared with HNPH, the structure of HNPH-Xy conjugates were significantly changed. Moreover, the functional properties and antioxidant activity of HNPH-Xy were all superior to the HNPH. CONCLUSIONS: An ultrasound-assisted wet-heating Maillard reaction between HNPH and Xy in the NADES system could be a promising way to improve the functional properties of HNPH. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Reação de Maillard , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos , Hidrolisados de Proteína/química , Xilose/química , Calefação , Solventes/química , Água
7.
Acta Anatomica Sinica ; (6): 289-295, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1015221

RESUMO

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the protective effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H

8.
Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin ; (12): 1450-1456, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1013735

RESUMO

Aim To explore the effect of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on cell proliferation and collagen expression in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) of rats induced with angiotensin II (Ang II) and its mechanism. Methods CFs were pretreated with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) siRNA1186 for 12 h and then co-treated with Ang TJ and AS-IV for 36 h. The expressions of SCAD, α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III in CFs were detected by Western blot. mRNA expression levels of SCAD, a-SMA, collagen I and collagen III in CFs were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The SCAD enzymatic activity, the content of ATP, hydroxyproline and free fatty acid were measured by detection kits. Results The expression of α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III were up-regulated (all P < 0. 01) in CFs induced by Ang II compared with the control cells, and the expression and enzymatic activity of SCAD significantly decreased (P < 0. 01, P< 0. 05). The content of ATP decreased (P < 0.01), and the content of hydroxyproline and free fatty acids increased (all P < 0.01). Compared with Ang II group, SCAD expression and enzymatic activity, and ATP content were significantly increased (all P < 0.01) in Ang II + AS-TV group, but the content of hydroxyproline and free fatty acids, and the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III significantly decreased (all P < 0.01). However, compared with the Ang II + NC group, there was no significant difference in all indices in the Ang II + SiRNA1186 + AS-TV group. The protective effect of AS-TV on Ang II -induced cell proliferation and collagen expression in CFs was eliminated by the interference of SCAD SiRNA1186. Conclusions AS-IV may inhibit Ang II-induced cell proliferation and collagen expression in CFs by activating SCAD.

9.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica ; (12): 516-529, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-965614

RESUMO

Since the application of biomedical nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery breathes new life into the research and development of high-end innovative agents, a substantial number of novel nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDSs) have been successively developed and applied in the clinical practice. Among them, small molecule pure drug and prodrug-based nanoassemblies have grasped great attention, owing to the facile fabrication, ultrahigh drug loading and feasible industrial production. Herein, we provide an overview on the latest updates of small-molecule nanoassemblies. Firstly, the self-assembled prodrug-based nano-DDSs are introduced, including nanoassemblies formed by amphiphilic monomeric prodrugs, hydrophobic monomeric prodrugs and dimer monomeric prodrugs. Then, the recent advances on nanoassemblies of small molecule pure chemical drugs and biological drugs are presented. Furthermore, carrier-free small-molecule hybrid nanoassemblies of pure drugs and/or prodrugs are summarized and analyzed. Finally, the rational design, application prospects and clinical challenges of small-molecule self-assembled nano-DDSs are discussed and highlighted. This review aims to provide scientific reference for constructing the next generation of nanomedicines.

10.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-970635

RESUMO

With the improvement of living standards and changes in working style, the prevalence of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in humans is increasing in modern society. Clinically, the related indicators are often improved by changing the lifestyle and/or taking hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs, but there are no therapeutic drugs for disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism at present. Hepatitis C virus core protein binding protein 6(HCBP6) is a newly discovered target that can regulate triglyceride and cholesterol content according to level oscillations in the body, thereby regulating abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Relevant studies have shown that ginsenoside Rh_2 can significantly up-regulate the expression of HCBP6, but there are few studies on the effect of Chinese herbal medicines on HCBP6. Moreover, the three-dimensional structural information of HCBP6 has not been determined and the discovery of potential active components acting on HCBP6 is not rapidly advanced. Therefore, the total saponins of eight Chinese herbal medicines commonly used to regulate abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism were selected as the research objects to observe their effect on the expression of HCBP6. Then, the three-dimensional structure of HCBP6 was predicted, followed by molecular docking with saponins in eight Chinese herbal medicines to quickly find potential active components. The results showed that all total saponins tended to up-regulate HCBP6 mRNA and protein expression, where gypenosides showed the optimum effect on up-regulating HCBP6 mRNA and ginsenosides showed the optimum effect on up-regulating HCBP6 protein expression. Reliable protein structures were obtained after the prediction of protein structures using the Robetta website and the evaluation of the predicted structures by SAVES. The saponins from the website and literature were also collected and docked with the predicted protein, and the saponin components were found to have good binding activity to the HCBP6 protein. The results of the study are expected to provide ideas and methods for the discovery of new drugs from Chinese herbal medicines to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.


Assuntos
Humanos , Glucose , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Ginsenosídeos , Proteínas , Saponinas , RNA Mensageiro
11.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B ; (6): 632-647, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-971739

RESUMO

Cryoablation (CRA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are two main local treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, which one is more curative and suitable for combining with immunotherapy is still controversial. Herein, CRA induced higher tumoral PD-L1 expression and more T cells infiltration, but less PD-L1highCD11b+ myeloid cells infiltration than MWA in HCC. Furthermore, CRA had better curative effect than MWA for anti-PD-L1 combination therapy in mouse models. Mechanistically, anti-PD-L1 antibody facilitated infiltration of CD8+ T cells by enhancing the secretion of CXCL9 from cDC1 cells after CRA therapy. On the other hand, anti-PD-L1 antibody promoted the infiltration of NK cells to eliminate PD-L1highCD11b+ myeloid cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) effect after CRA therapy. Both aspects relieved the immunosuppressive microenvironment after CRA therapy. Notably, the wild-type PD-L1 Avelumab (Bavencio), compared to the mutant PD-L1 atezolizumab (Tecentriq), was better at inducing the ADCC effect to target PD-L1highCD11b+ myeloid cells. Collectively, our study uncovered the novel insights that CRA showed superior curative effect than MWA in combining with anti-PD-L1 antibody by strengthening CTL/NK cell immune responses, which provided a strong rationale for combining CRA and PD-L1 blockade in the clinical treatment for HCC.

12.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B ; (6): 662-677, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-971726

RESUMO

Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) is reported to participate in the progression of tumors and metabolic diseases. It is also considered to play a crucial role in the glutamate-glutamine shuttle of neuroglial network. However, it remains unclear the involvement of ASCT2 in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we demonstrated that high expression of ASCT2 in the plasma samples of PD patients and the midbrain of MPTP mouse models is positively correlated with dyskinesia. We further illustrated that ASCT2 expressed in astrocytes rather than neurons significantly upregulated in response to either MPP+ or LPS/ATP challenge. Genetic ablation of astrocytic ASCT2 alleviated the neuroinflammation and rescued dopaminergic (DA) neuron damage in PD models in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the binding of ASCT2 to NLRP3 aggravates astrocytic inflammasome-triggered neuroinflammation. Then a panel of 2513 FDA-approved drugs were performed via virtual molecular screening based on the target ASCT2 and we succeed in getting the drug talniflumate. It is validated talniflumate impedes astrocytic inflammation and prevents degeneration of DA neurons in PD models. Collectively, these findings reveal the role of astrocytic ASCT2 in the pathogenesis of PD, broaden the therapeutic strategy and provide a promising candidate drug for PD treatment.

13.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-971136

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in oral mucositis associated with chemotherapy in hospitalized patients with malignant hematopathy, so as to provide scientific evidences for rational selection of antibiotics and infection prevention and control.@*METHODS@#From July 2020 to June 2022, 167 patients with malignant hematopathy were treated with chemical drugs in the Department of Hematology, Hainan Hospital, and secretions from oral mucosal infected wounds were collected. VITEK2 COMPECT automatic microbial identification system (BioMerieux, France) and bacterial susceptibility card (BioMerieux) were used for bacterial identification and drug susceptibility tests.@*RESULTS@#A total of 352 strains of pathogens were isolated from 167 patients, among which 220 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 118 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 14 strains of fungi, accounted for 62.50%, 33.52% and 3.98%, respectively. The Gram-positive bacteria was mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while Gram-negative bacteria was mainly Klebsiella and Proteus. The resistance of main Gram-positive bacteria to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was low, and the resistance to penicillin, cefuroxime, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and levofloxacin was high. The main Gram-negative bacteria had low resistance to gentamicin, imipenem and penicillin, but high resistance to levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ampicillin and vancomycin. The clinical data of oral mucositis patients with oral ulcer (severe) and without oral ulcer (mild) were compared, and it was found that there were statistically significant differences in poor oral hygiene, diabetes, sleep duration less than 8 hours per night between two groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Gram-positive bacteria is the main pathogen of oral mucositis in patients with malignant hematopathy after chemotherapy. It is sensitive to glycopeptide antibiotics and aminoglycosides antibiotics. Poor oral hygiene, diabetes and sleep duration less than 8 hours per night are risk factors for oral mucositis with oral ulcer (severe).


Assuntos
Humanos , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Cefuroxima , Levofloxacino , Úlceras Orais/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Ampicilina , Penicilinas , Cefotaxima , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Gentamicinas , Estomatite/tratamento farmacológico
14.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-971097

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of dichloromethane extraction phase of ethanol extract from stem of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch.(DPSS) on proliferation and differentiation of K562 cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#MTT assay was used to detect the effects of DPSS at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml on the proliferation of K562 cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis at 24 and 48 hours. Wright-Giemsa staining was used to observe the morphological changes of K562 cells. The cell surface antigens CD33 and CD11b were detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The proliferation of K562 cells treated with different concentrations of DPSS was inhibited in a time-dose dependent manner (r=-0.96). Cell cycle analysis showed that with the increase of DPSS concentration, cells in G2/M phase increased (r=0.88), and cells were blocked in G2/M phase. Flow cytometry results showed that with the apoptosis rate of K562 cells was the highest when treated with 200 μg/ml DPSS for 48 h. Morphological observation showed that the K562 cell body increased, the amount of cytoplasm increased, the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm decreased, and the nuclear chromatin was rough after DPSS treatment. Cell differentiation antigen, CD33 and CD11b, were positively expressed after treated with DPSS.@*CONCLUSION@#DPSS can induce apoptosis through cell cycle arrest, inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells, and induce K562 cells to differentiate into monocytes, which has a potential anti-leukemia effect.


Assuntos
Humanos , Células K562 , Patrinia , Cloreto de Metileno/farmacologia , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Diferenciação Celular
15.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-975181

RESUMO

Microfluidic liver and kidney chips have become preferred model carriers in recent years for new drug development, pharmacological and toxicological research, mechanism exploration, and disease model construction. In the context of the USA. Food and Drug Administration allowing the use of in vitro model data as a substitute for animal model data in new drug applications when animal disease models are difficult to construct, microfluidic chips have received widespread attention due to their high throughput, ability to highly mimic biological characteristics of living organisms, convenient evaluation of drug toxicity in normal or pathological states with repeated dosing, real-time induction and monitoring of culture processes, and real-time data acquisition and analysis. In toxicology research, liver and kidney chips can construct in vitro models suitable for the pharmacological and toxicological detection of different substances by combining 2D monocultures and co-cultures from different species sources, 3D cultures, spheroids/organoid cells, precision-cut liver and kidney slices, immortalized cell lines, or sandwich-cultured cell lines. This model maximally simulates or retains the organ function and in vivo microenvironment of the liver and kidney, including specific physiological tissue structures, multicellular interactions/crosstalk, and multi-organ coordination/feedback, to obtain results similar to or the same as in vivo experimental data, reducing interspecies differences. At the same time, it greatly reduces the use of experimental animals and lowers costs. Microfluidic technology provides necessary shear force microenvironments for the cultivation of contents and solves problems encountered in the cultivation process of liver and kidney chips, such as insufficient tissue oxygen supply, nutrient deficiencies, and accumulation of metabolites, leading to cell apoptosis and even tissue necrosis fibrosis, which make it difficult to maintain long-term structure and function. This article reviewed the application of microfluidic technology combined with liver and kidney chips in Chinese medicine toxicology research. By summarizing the development of microfluidic technology, liver chips, kidney chips, and providing application examples of microfluidic liver and kidney chips in Chinese medicine toxicology research, combined with the characteristics of Chinese medicine administration, the article explored the advantages and future development directions of their application in the field of Chinese medicine toxicology research.

16.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 1204-1210, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-973620

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To study protective effect and potential mechanism of Modified yupingfeng nasal spray (YPF+) on nasal mucosal injury in allergic rhinitis (AR) model rats. METHODS AR model was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and randomly divided into model group, YPF+group (50 µg/side,twice a day), positive control group (Mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray, 50 µg/side,once a day); the blank group was set up, with 10 rats in each group. Administration groups were given relevant medicine, and blank group and model group were given equivalent normal saline for consecutive 4 weeks. Thirty minutes after last medication, the behavioral scores of rats were recorded, and the pathological changes of their nasal mucosa tissue were observed. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in nasal mucosa tissue was detected. The protein and mRNA expressions of nucleotide- binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3),caspase-1,gasdermin D (GSDMD) were detected; the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in serum were also determined. RESULTS Compared with blank group, in model group, the nasal mucosa tissue structure was disordered, inflammatory cells infiltrated seriously, and lamina propria vascular dilation was visible; its behavioral score and pathological score, the level of ROS, protein and mRNA expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDMD, serum contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in nasal mucosa tissue were increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the symptoms of nasal mucosal injury in rats of each drug group were improved to varying degrees, and the above indicators were significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS YPF+ may improve nasal mucosal injury of rats, relieve AR symptoms such as sneezing, itchy nose, runny nose, the mechanism of which may be associated with reducing the production of ROS in nasal mucosa and downregulating NLRP3/caspase-1/ GSDMD pathway.

17.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-981484

RESUMO

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS) was employed to systematically analyze the chemical constituents in Lysionoti Herba, and high perfor-mance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(HPLC-UV) to determine the content of main compounds. A Synergi~(TM) Hydro-RP 100 Å colu-mn(2 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% aqueous formic acid as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1) and a column temperature of 40 ℃. MS and MS/MS were conducted with electrospray ionization(ESI) in both positive and negative modes. The chemical components in Lysionoti Herba were identified by comparison with the retention time and mass spectra of reference compounds and the relevant mass spectral data reported in MS databases and relevant literature. Furthermore, the content of five constituents(neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, forsythoside B, acteoside, and nevadensin) in different Lysiono-ti Herba samples was simultaneously determined by HPLC-UV at the wavelength of 330 nm. A total of 84 compounds were identified in Lysionoti Herba, including 27 flavonoids, 20 phenylethanoid glycosides, 5 amino acids, 18 organic acids, 1 alkaloid, 6 nucleosides, and 7 others. The content of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, forsythoside B, acteoside, and nevadensin showed good linear relationship(r>0.999) with the peak area within certain concentration ranges, which were 3.22-102.90, 12.84-410.82, 31.63-1 012.01, 25.00-800.11, and 4.08-130.51 μg·mL~(-1), respectively. The instrument precision, method repeatability, and solution stability all met requirement, and the average recovery rate was 97.31%-100.2%, with RSD ranging from 0.95% to 2.4%. The content of the five components varied among different Lysionoti Herba samples collected from different regions of Guizhou, and the average content of forsythoside B was the highest. The established qualitative method can rapidly and efficiently identify the chemical components of Lysionoti Herba, and the developed HPLC-UV method can simultaneously determine the content of five components in a simple, ra-pid, and accurate manner, providing a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Lysionoti Herba.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Ácido Clorogênico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química
18.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1006482

RESUMO

ObjectiveTo establish a rat model of hyperuricemia (HUA), to study the effect of Liqing granules on lowering serum uric acid, and to evaluate its safety . MethodsMale SD rats were randomly divided into solvent control group and model group according to their body weight. For the model group, serum uric acid (SUA) was determined after 7 days of intra-gastric administration of potassium oxyazinate. The model group were randomly divided into model control group, positive control group, and low, medium, high dose group based on SUA level. Each group from the model group continued to receive potassium oxyazinate in the morning. The animals in the model groups received 0.5% CMC-Na, 10 mg·kg-1 benzbromarone (Doses by body weight) and Liqing granules 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 g·kg-1 (Doses by body weight), respectively in the afternoon. 0.5% CMC-Na suspension with the same volume was given both in the morning and afternoon for the solvent control group. Levels of SUA, creatinine (CREA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined after 32 and 45 days administration of the test substance. ResultsSUA of the model group was (218±23) μmol·L-1 after 7 days of modeling, which was significantly higher than that of the solvent control group (P<0.001). After 32 days administration of the test substance, SUA didn’t significantly decrease in each dose group (P>0.05). CREA in the medium and high dose groups significantly decreased (P<0.05). After 45 days administration of the test substance, SUA in each dose group was significantly decreased (P<0.001), but CREA, ALT, and AST were not significantly different in each dose group in comparison with the model control group (P>0.05). ConclusionLiqing granules can assist in lowering blood serum uric acid in the rat HUA model, and no damage to liver and kidney function is found.

19.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6): 1260-1265, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1005590

RESUMO

【Objective:】 To explore the relationship between the moral courage of nurses in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the hospital ethical climate, and to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the moral courage of ICU nurses. 【Methods:】 A total of 468 ICU nurses from 8 tertiary A hospitals in Shaanxi Province were selected as the subjects by convenience sampling method, and the General Information Form, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, and Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale were used for the questionnaire survey. 【Results:】 A total of 468 questionnaires were distributed and 463 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective recovery rate of 98.93%. The score of hospital ethical climate for ICU nurses was (100.69±19.76), and the score of moral courage was (83.67±15.48). There was a positive correlation between hospital ethical climate and moral courage (r=0.866, P<0.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that hospital ethical climate entered the influencing factor model of ICU nurses’ moral courage, which can independently explain 57% of the variation in ICU nurses’ moral courage. 【Conclusion:】 The moral courage of ICU nurses was at a medium level, and positively correlated with the hospital ethical climate, that is, the better the hospital ethical climate perceived by ICU nurses, the higher their level of moral courage. Nursing managers should focus on deepening the hospital ethical climate, and enhance the level of hospital ethical climate through scientific methods to promote the improvement of ICU nurses’ moral courage.

20.
JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES ; (4): 128-134, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-1005054

RESUMO

Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a type of cardiac dysfunction caused by several factors resulting in iron overload in the myocardium. Two major causes of IOC include hereditary hemochromatosis and transfusion-dependent anemia. IOC significantly reduces long-term survival of patients. Since IOC is a rare disease in Asian populations that also lacks etiology-specific manifestations, early diagnoses in clinical practice are challenging. Two groups of patients with high risk of IOC should be further investigated: those who present heart failure of unknown origin will be screened for iron overload followed by confirmation of IOC; and those who have high risk of iron overload or an established diagnosis will be monitored for the development of IOC. Serum ferritin is recommended as the first-line screening test for iron overload, while cardiac magnetic resonance T2* should be used to confirm iron overload in the myocardium. Phlebotomy and iron chelating agents can effectively remove the extra iron from the body, preventing IOC, as well as reverse the disease at an early stage and slow down its progession. Timely diagnosis and treatment is critical in improving the prognosis of patients with IOC. Therefore, this review aims to help clinicians to understand IOC in multiple dimensions including pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment choices.

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