Antibiofilm action of Persea americana glycolic extract over Acinetobacter baumannii and absence of toxicity in Galleria mellonella.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity and toxicity of the glycolic extract of Persea americana "P. americana" over multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii "A. baumannii" as alternative therapy to be investigated. METHODS: A bacterial inoculum of each bacterial strain (4a, 5a, 9a, 12a, ATCC 19606) of A. baumannii was prepared and adjusted by the spectrophotometer. The microdilution broth method was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). P. americana glycolic extracts were obtained of the tree stalk and leaves. The biofilm viability was tested by MTT assay after 5 min exposure. The toxicity of the extracts was tested by invertebrate model Galleria mellonella. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey test and log-rank method (α=0.05). RESULTS: The extract showed an inhibitory and bactericidal action over all the tested strains with the lowest MIC value observed for the reference strain (3.12 mg/mL). The extract did not demonstrate toxicity in any of the tested concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL) in Galleria mellonella larvae, with a survival percentage above 80% after 168 h. CONCLUSIONS: The glycolic extract of P. americana has microbicidal and antibiofilm activity on multidrug-resistant clinical strains of A. baumannii and showed low toxicity for the invertebrate model G. mellonella.

Osteogênese e formação de biofilmes em superfícies de titânio submetidas ao tratamento de implantação iônica por imersão em plasma de oxigênio / Osteogenesis and biofilms formation on titanium surfaces submitted to ion implantation treatment by immersion in oxygen plasma

Neste estudo foram caracterizadas superfícies de titânio (Ti) obtidas após utilização de diferentes temperaturas pela técnica de implantação iônica por imersão em plasma de oxigênio (O-IIIP), bem como correlacionado o efeito deste tratamento com a osteogênese e formação de biofilmes microbianos monotípicos. As amostras foram caracterizadas por meio de análises de química de superfície, rugosidade e textura da superfície, molhabilidade e resistência à corrosão. Além disso, análises de biocompatibilidade por meio de interação e viabilidade celular, conteúdo de proteína total, atividade de fosfatase alcalina e quantificação de nódulos de mineralização foram realizadas sobre a linhagem celular MG-63 (osteoblato humano). Análise de formação de biofilmes de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans e Candida albicans sobre as superfícies também foi realizada. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados por teste ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05, p<0,001 e p<0,0001). Os resultados das análises de química de superfície demonstraram um aumento proporcional da quantidade de O conforme aumento da temperatura utilizada na técnica de O-IIIP, verificando ainda a presença de TiO2 nos grupos tratados a 500ºC e 600ºC. Foi observado que, em escala nanométrica, houve um aumento significativo da rugosidade e da área superficial nas amostras tratadas com O-IIIP conforme aumento da temperatura utilizada, apresentando ainda, um aumento significativo da hidrofobicidade e resistência à corrosão nas amostras tratadas com O-IIIP. A análise de biocompatibilidade demonstrou aumento significativo em relação à viabilidade celular, produção de proteína total, atividade de fosfatase alcalina e formação de nódulos de mineralização no grupo tratado com OIIIP a 600ºC, em relação aos demais grupos. Nas análises realizadas com biofilmes microbianos monotípicos foi verificada redução significativa de microorganismos, principalmente nos grupos submetidos ao tratamento com O-IIIP a 500ºC e 600ºC. Com isso, foi concluído que, as amostras submetidas à técnica O-IIIP apresentaram superfícies com variações químicas e físicas, as quais foram proporcionais ao aumento da temperatura utilizada no tratamento, sendo que o grupo tratado com temperatura mais elevada (600ºC) demonstrou influência positiva na atividade e diferenciação celular, além de exibir redução na formação de biofilmes monomicrobianos(AU)

In this study, titanium surfaces were produced by the ion implantation technique, immersing samples in oxygen plasma (O-IIIP), at different temperatures. Therapeutic effects of the surface modification were evaluated for osteogenesis and formation of monotypic microbial biofilms. Roughness, texture, wettability, corrosion resistance and chemical composition of the samples were characterized. Moreover, biocompatibility of the produced materials was verified by cell interaction and viability, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and quantification of mineralization nodules assays were performed on MG-63 (human osteoblate) cells. Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans on surfaces was also evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. A proportional intensification in the amount of oxygen was observed as the temperature used in the O-IIIP technique raised, also, TiO2 was observed in the groups treated at 500 ºC and 600 ºC. At nanoscale, there was a statistic increase in both roughness and surface area in samples treated with O-IIIP as a result of the increase of the temperature used. Hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance were also higher in samples treated with OIIIP. According to the performed biocompatibility analyzes, cell viability, total protein production, alkaline phosphatase activity and the formation of mineralized nodules were stimulated and increased in the group treated with O-IIIP at 600 ºC, compared to the other groups. In the assays performed with monotypic microbial biofilms, a statistic reduction of microorganisms was observed especially in the groups submitted to O-IIIP treatment at 500 ºC and 600 ºC. Therefore, we demonstrated here that O-IIIP technique was able to chemically and physically modify surfaces, and these modifications were proportional to the increase in temperature used in the treatment. Samples treated with the highest evaluated temperature (600ºC) had a positive influence in cell activity and differentiation, and in reducing monomicrobial biofilms formation(AU)

CaP Coating and Low-Level Laser Therapy to Stimulate Early Bone Formation and Improve Fixation of Rough Threaded Implants.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare in vivo osteogenesis on rough threaded dental implants with and without calcium phosphate (CaP) coating deposition, alone or in association with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by gallium aluminum arsenide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups were studied: G1: implant; G2: implant + CaP coating; G3: implant + LLLT; and G4: implant + CaP coating + LLLT. LLLT was applied for 7 days at the surgical site before and after placing the implant. Topographic characterization was performed before surgery using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrophotometry. Bone-implant contact (BIC) was measured after 1, 2, and 6 weeks and reverse torque after 6 weeks. In short periods, G2, G3, and G4 showed significantly greater BIC than G1 (P < 0.05), but no difference in BIC was observed at 6 weeks. However, the values for the removal torque test at 6 weeks were higher in G2 and G4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both CaP coating alone and using LLLT induce cellular stimulation and improve BIC in short-term healing, resulting in higher implant fixation, and should be considered in clinical practice due to their low cost and high effectiveness.

Effect of photodynamic therapy supplemented with quercetin in HEp-2 cells.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that can be used as a complementary therapy in cancer treatment combined with other therapeutic modalities. Quercetin (QCT) is known to be effective in the treatment of cancer, by reducing the cell viability of different cancer cell lines. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of QCT in PDT on the viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of apoptosis/necrosis in the human larynx carcinoma cells (HEp-2). The HEp-2 cells were treated with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) and QCT and subsequently irradiated with a diode laser light (685 nm, 35 mW, 4.5 J/cm(2)). The results demonstrated that treatment of HEp-2 cells with high concentrations of QCT (at least 50 µM) reduced cell viability. This response was enhanced in cells subjected to PDT supplemented with high concentrations of QCT. In addition, was observed decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and characteristics of late apoptosis and/or initial necrosis process. QCT at concentrations from 50 µM improves PDT-induced cytotoxicity by significantly reducing cell viability by apoptosis and/or necrosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential of Hep-2 cells.