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1.
Headache ; 60(10): 2544-2547, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33205440

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To report the case of a patient enduring migraine attacks preceded by hallucinatory olfactory symptoms, with characteristics which typically define migraine with aura (MWA). BACKGROUND: MWA accounts for about 30-40% of the total cases of migraine and is almost always preceded by visual disorders; and in rare cases migraine attacks are preceded by olfactory hallucinations which have not been so far recognized as a type of aura. RESULTS: We describe a 51-year-old male whose migraine attacks are preceded, unusually for migraine sufferers, only by olfactory hallucinations; in 10% of the attacks, the olfactory symptoms are not followed by any pain but always appear with the same characteristics. These hallucinations began with the onset of a history of cephalea. CONCLUSION: This case suggests that olfactory hallucinations should be considered as actual pre-migraine symptoms, like visual symptoms or other disorders, and added to the criteria for the diagnosis of MWA.


Assuntos
Alucinações/fisiopatologia , Enxaqueca com Aura/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Olfato/fisiopatologia , Alucinações/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enxaqueca com Aura/complicações , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia
3.
Neurobiol Aging ; 27(2): 262-9, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16399211

RESUMO

Increasing evidence supports a role of oxidative imbalance, characterized by impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Hyperhomocysteinemia, another risk factor for AD, also contributes to oxidative damage. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and ROS levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in 71 AD, 36 MCI and 28 vascular dementia (VaD) patients as well as in 44 age-matched controls. tHcy levels were significantly increased in patients with AD and VaD an a trend towards an increase in multiple domain MCI was observed. TAC was significantly decreased in AD as well as MCI, but not in VaD patients. In AD patients, a negative correlation was found between TAC and disease duration. ROS levels did not differ among groups, but were correlated with age. In conclusion, a pattern characterized by increased tHcy levels and decreased TAC is present in AD as well as MCI patients. While increased tHcy levels were also found in VaD, TAC modifications occur specifically in AD. ROS levels appear to be correlated with age rather than with a specific dementing disorder, thus leading to the hypothesis that oxidative imbalance observed in AD could be due to a decreased TAC.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Apolipoproteína E4 , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cocaína/sangue , Transtornos Cognitivos/genética , Intervalos de Confiança , Epinefrina/sangue , Feminino , Homocistina/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Entrevista Psiquiátrica Padronizada , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Tetracaína/sangue
4.
Immun Ageing ; 2: 11, 2005 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16022734

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A common feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the abundance of activated microglia in neuritic plaques containing amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) and associated molecules including heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). Besides the role as pathological chaperone favouring amyloidogenesis, little is known about whether or not HSPG can induce microglial activation. Cultures of primary murine microglia were used to assess the effect of HSPG on production of proinflammatory molecules that are known to be present in neuritic plaques of AD. RESULTS: HSPG stimulated up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and accumulation of TNF-alpha protein and nitrite (NO2-) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The effects of HSPG were primarily due to the property of the protein core as indicated by the lack of microglial accumulation of TNF-alpha and NO2- in response to denaturated HSPG or heparan sulfate GAG chains (HS). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that HSPG may contribute to chronic microglial activation and neurodegeneration seen in neuritic plaques of AD.

5.
Neurobiol Aging ; 25(9): 1169-73, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15312962

RESUMO

MCP-1 levels are increased in CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with controls, suggesting a role in the development of dementia. Recently, a biallelic A/G polymorphism in the MCP-1 promoter at position -2518 has been found, influencing the level of MCP-1 expression in response to an inflammatory stimulus. The distribution of the A-2518G SNP was determined in 269 AD patients and in 203 healthy age matched controls, showing no differences between the two groups. On the contrary, a significant increase of MCP-1 serum levels in AD patients carrying at least one G mutated allele was observed. Moreover, the highest peaks of MCP-1 serum levels were present in patients carrying two G alleles. Stratifying by ApoE genotype, gender or age at onset, no differences in both allele frequency and MCP-1 serum concentration were observed. The A-2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene does not seem to be a risk factor for the development of AD, but its presence correlates with higher levels of serum MCP-1, which can contribute to increase the inflammatory process occurring in AD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/genética , Encefalite/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Idade de Início , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/imunologia , Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Quimiocinas/imunologia , Quimiotaxia de Leucócito/imunologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Encefalite/sangue , Encefalite/imunologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Testes Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Mutação/genética , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Regulação para Cima/genética , Regulação para Cima/imunologia
6.
J Neuroimmunol ; 124(1-2): 29-35, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11958819

RESUMO

This study reports that in Schwann cell tissue culture the administration of the two pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), at different dosages, singly or in combination, can induce apoptosis and/or mitosis. Schwann cell apoptosis was maximal within 24 h of stimulation with 50 U/ml of IFN-gamma, while proliferation was at its peak within 24 h with 10 U/ml IL-1 beta, and both processes decreased progressively by 48 and 72 h. Moreover, the combination of the two cytokines did not show any synergistic effect. These data can be interpreted as a possible involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines not only in myelin disruption but also in promoting remyelination.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Interleucina-1/farmacologia , Células de Schwann/citologia , Células de Schwann/fisiologia , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Combinação de Medicamentos , Mediadores da Inflamação/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Células de Schwann/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Schwann/ultraestrutura , Fatores de Tempo
7.
J Neurol Sci ; 195(1): 35-40, 2002 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11867071

RESUMO

This study describes the infiltration and death of monocyte/macrophages and concomitant endoneurial expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) in the sciatic nerve at the early phases of experimental diabetic neuropathy induced in Lewis rats by streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection. Immunocytochemistry and single nerve fiber immunostaining showed the presence of macrophages in diabetic nerves by weeks 2 and 3 after STZ administration, and the 15% of these cells were TUNEL positive. IL-1beta was evident in scattered macrophages, and along few isolated nerve fibers until week 5, when it became undetectable, in concomitance with complete endoneurial clearance of macrophages. p75NTR showed an up-regulation in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats that began by week 3 after STZ administration, reached its peak by week 5, and returned then to a barely detectable level by week 6. These findings seem to indicate that macrophages and IL-1beta may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, participating not only to nerve damage but also to the promotion of an attempt of regeneration via p75NTR induction.


Assuntos
Neuropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Receptores de Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Nervo Isquiático/fisiopatologia , Animais , Apoptose , Morte Celular , Movimento Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Neuropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Receptor de Fator de Crescimento Neural , Nervo Isquiático/patologia
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