Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa can be indicated for phytoremediation programs of soils contaminated with hormonal herbicides.

Hormone-like herbicides, used for large crops, can contaminate non-target areas with their waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa to 2,4-D + picloram herbicides by means of morphological and anatomical evaluations. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme. The first factor was the control (without herbicide) and three doses (0.166; 0.333, and 0.666 L ha-1) of the herbicide Tordon® (402 g L-1 2,4-D + 103.6 g L-1 picloram) and the second factor, the species Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa. The number of M. fistulifera leaves was lower after treatment with the highest dose of the 2,4-D + picloram mixture. The herbicide rates did not influence the number of Z. tuberculosa leaves. The higher dose of 2,4-D + picloram caused a more than 50% reduction in leaf area. Toxicity increased linearly as a function of the doses of the 2,4-D + picloram mixture. Changes in the leaf anatomy of the two species treated with herbicides were observed; however, the roots did not show any changes. Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa can be recommended for phytoremediation programs in areas contaminated by the herbicides 2,4-D + picloram.

Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is a recent and viable tool for environmental decontamination and for the protection of water resources. Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa can be used to compose riparian forests and retain the arrival of herbicides in the water. Plant anatomy and morphological characteristics are viable tools to assess the tolerance and phytoremediation potential of plant species. Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa are tolerant to the presence of hormonal herbicides. In this way, they can be used to recover natural areas close to the cultivation areas where the herbicides 2,4-D and picloram are used.

Potential production of Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon seedlings viarescue seedlings / Potencial de produção de mudas de Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon via resgate de plântulas

ABSTRACT: Translocation of rare populations is regarded as the last resort for the conservation of species whose habitat destruction is imminent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two height classes and three leaf reduction intensities on growth and increases in height, stem diameter, survival, and new leaf production in seedlings of Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon (peroba) obtained via rescue seedlings in a remnant of tropical semi deciduous forest. We recovered 240 individuals that were divided into two height classes (Class I-5 to 15cm and Class II-20 to 35cm) and subjected to three leaf reduction intensities (0%, 50%, and 100%), which were then transported to a shade house with 50% light reduction. Measurements of height, stem diameter, and new leaf production were collected 8 times at 0, 15, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, and 135 days, and survival rate was measured at day 135. The average survival rate was 82.9%; 77.5% for one Class I (5-15cm) and 88.3% for Class II (20-35cm). Higher seedling growth was observed for the 0% leaf reduction treatment in both height classes. The leaves insertion were greater in the 100% cuts, with a decrease observed over time. It is advisable to restore A. cylindrocarpon seedlings in two height classes owing to the high survival rate, leaf appearance, and growth reported in the present study. The no-leaf reduction treatment (0%) is the most viable alternative for the production of A. cylindrocarpon seedlings, via rescue seedlings.

RESUMO: As translocações de populações raras são consideradas como o último recurso para conservação de espécies, cuja destruição do habitat é iminente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de duas classes de altura e três intensidades de redução foliar no crescimento, incremento periódico, sobrevivência e inserção de folhas em mudas de Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon (peroba) obtidas via resgate de plântulas em um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua. Foram resgatados 240 indivíduos, os quais foram divididos em duas classes de altura (Classe I-5 a 15cm e Classe II-20 a 35cm), submetidos a três intensidades de redução foliar (0%, 50% e 100%) e em seguida, transportados para casa de sombra com 50% de redução de luminosidade. As medições de altura, diâmetro e emissão de novas folhas foram realizadas em oito tempos (0, 15, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 e 135 dias), e a sobrevivência aos 135 dias. A taxa média de sobrevivência foi de 82,9%, sendo 77,5% para a classe de 5-15cm e 88,3% para classe de 20-35cm. O maior crescimento das mudas ocorreu para a redução de 0%, para ambas as classes. A inserção de folhas foi maior nas reduções de 100%, observando-se diminuição ao longo do tempo. Portanto, é aconselhável resgatar mudas de peroba nas duas classes de altura, sem necessidade de redução foliar.

Germinação in vitro e aclimatação de plântulas de sucupira-preta (Bowdichiavirgilioides Kunth. ) / In vitro germination and acclimation of sucupira-preta seedlings(Bowdichiavirgilioides Kunth. )

Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a germinação in vitro e a aclimatação de plantas de sucupira-preta (Bowdichia virgilioides). Sementes escarificadas e não escarificadas foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo meio de cultura MS ou WPM, com 100 ou 50% dos sais e vitaminas; suplementados com dois tipos de aditivos, carvão ativado e PVP, e mantidas em sala de cultura. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 2x4 (dois aditivos e quatro formulações de meio de cultura) com quatro repetições e seis sementes por repetição. Aos 30 dias obteve-se o percentual de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). As plantas foram transferidas para tubetes, contendo substrato e aclimatadas em casa de vegetação, onde permaneceram durante 60 dias, sendo transferidas para casa de sombra, onde permaneceram por mais 60 dias. Aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias avaliaram-se o percentual de sobrevivência e a altura das mudas aclimatadas. A germinação in vitro de sementes escarificadas apresenta os maiores percentuais utilizando-se os meios de cultura MS e WPM reduzidos à metade da concentração dos sais e vitaminas. A germinação ocorre independentemente do aditivo utilizado tanto para sementes escarificadas como para as não escarificadas. A aclimatação das plantas germinadas in vitro ocorre independentemente do histórico de aditivos ou meios de cultura utilizados.

Thiss tudy objectived to evaluate the in vitro germination and acclimatization of plants sucupirapreta (Bowdichia virgilioides). Scarified and not scarified seeds were inoculated in test tubes containing culture medium MSorWPM, 100 or 50% of salts and vitamins, supplemented with two types of additives, activated charcoal and PVP, and kept in culture room. We used acompletely randomized in a 2x4 factorial design (2additives and 4culture medium formulations) with 4 replications and6 seeds per replicate. At 30 days gave the germination percentage and germination speed index(IVG). Plants were transferred to tubes containing substrate and acclimatized in a greenhouse, where they remained for 60days and transferred to a dusk house, where they remained for another 60days.At 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, we assessed the percentage of survival and seedling height acclimated. The in vitro germination of scarified seeds had the highest percentage using culture media MS and WPM halved the concentration of salts and vitamins. Germination occurred regardless of additive used both to scarified and note scarified seeds. The acclimation of plants germinated in vitro occurred regardless of additives history or culture media used.