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1.
Langmuir ; 36(9): 2439-2448, 2020 03 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32069407

RESUMO

The antifreeze activity of a type-III antifreeze protein (AFP) expressed in ocean pout (Zoarces americanus) is compared with that of a specific mutant (T18N) using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The antifreeze activity of the mutant is only 10% of the wild-type AFP. The results from this simulation study revealed the following insights into the mechanism of antifreeze action by type-III AFPs. The AFP gets adsorbed to the advancing ice front due to its hydrophobic nature. A part of the hydrophobicity is caused by the presence of clathrate structure of water molecules near the ice-binding surface (IBS). The mutation in the AFP disrupts this structure and thereby reduces the ability of the mutant to adsorb to the ice-water interface leading to the loss of antifreeze activity. The mutation, however, has no effect on the ability of the adsorbed protein to bind to the growing ice phase. Simulations also revealed that all surfaces of the protein can bind to the ice phase, although the IBS is the preferred surface.


Assuntos
Proteínas Anticongelantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Adsorção , Animais , Proteínas Anticongelantes/química , Proteínas Anticongelantes/genética , Proteínas de Peixes/química , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Ligação de Hidrogênio , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Mutação , Perciformes , Ligação Proteica , Água/química
2.
Exp Dermatol ; 26(9): 827-829, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28094872

RESUMO

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) form a part of the skin's innate immune system. Their primary activity is to provide antimicrobial benefits and hence protect from infections. AMPs that are present on human skin include psoriasin (S100A7), RNase 7, lysozyme, LL-37 and defensins. Niacinamide is a well-known cosmetic ingredient that has been used traditionally for multiple skin benefits. Recent data indicate that niacinamide treatment can boost AMPs in human gut epithelial cells and in neutrophils. Treatment with niacinamide in mice also provided protection from skin infections by enhancing AMPs. In this article, we find that treatment with niacinamide formulation provides long-lasting protection against bacteria, potentially through the activation of an AMP response.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Niacinamida/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo Vitamínico B/farmacologia , Adulto , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Pele/microbiologia
3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21808655

RESUMO

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a 3000 years' history of human use. A literature survey addressing traditional evidence from human studies was done, with key result that top 10 TCM herb ingredients including Poria cocos, Radix polygalae, Radix glycyrrhizae, Radix angelica sinensis, and Radix rehmanniae were prioritized for highest potential benefit to dementia intervention, related to the highest frequency of use in 236 formulae collected from 29 ancient Pharmacopoeias, ancient formula books, or historical archives on ancient renowned TCM doctors, over the past 10 centuries. Based on the history of use, there was strong clinical support that Radix polygalae is memory improving. Pharmacological investigation also indicated that all the five ingredients mentioned above can elicit memory-improving effects in vivo and in vitro via multiple mechanisms of action, covering estrogen-like, cholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aß activities. Furthermore, 11 active principles were identified, including sinapic acid, tenuifolin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, glabridin, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide, coniferyl ferulate and 11-angeloylsenkyunolide F, and catalpol. It can be concluded that TCM has a potential for complementary and alternative role in treating senile dementia. The scientific evidence is being continuously mined to back up the traditional medical wisdom.

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