RESUMO
PURPOSE: Continuation of coumarin therapy is important to prevent thromboembolic events. Continuation of medication, unrelated to the reason for hospital admission, may be at risk due to the patient's psychiatric status and the involvement of several physicians in patient care. METHODS: We performed a retrospective follow-up study of users of orally administered anticoagulants who were admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Information on patient characteristics, anticoagulant use, and International Normalized Ratio (INR) measurements was collected. Discontinuation of anticoagulant care was defined as no anticoagulant dispensing during the first 7 days of hospitalization and/or no INR measurement during hospitalization. Relative risks (RR) of discontinuation, overall and stratified by patient characteristics, was estimated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 111 patients, 24.3 % had their anticoagulant care discontinued. For 17.1 %, no anticoagulant was dispensed during the first week, and 13.5 % had no INR measurement during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Admission to a psychiatric hospital leads to discontinuation of anticoagulant care in 24.3 % of patients, with highest risk of discontinuation in patients admitted to nonpsychogeriatric wards. More research is needed to evaluate the clinical impact of this finding.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos/normas , Hospitalização , Hospitais Psiquiátricos , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/normas , Seguimentos , Humanos , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Transtornos Mentais/sangue , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (Dutch acronym: SWAB) has developed guidelines for in-hospital antimicrobial therapy of adult patients with infective endocarditis. The choice and the duration of antimicrobial therapy are determined by the infecting micro-organism, the sensitivity of this micro-organism to antimicrobial therapy, the location of the endocarditis (left- or right-sided) and the presence of intracardial prosthetic material. While waiting for the culture results, the antibiotic treatment of an infected native valve is benzylpenicillin (in cases which begin subacutely or have a long history) or flucloxacillin (cases which begin acutely, are fulminant or in i.v. drug users), and gentamicin. If a prosthetic valve is infected then treatment of choice is vancomycin and gentamicin. Further antibiotic treatment depends on the causative micro-organism. Streptococci, enterococci and staphylococci are the most frequently occurring of these.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Países Baixos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (Dutch acronym is SWAB) is a Dutch organisation that develops guidelines for in-hospital antimicrobial therapy of bacterial infectious diseases. This present guideline describes the antimicrobial treatment for adult patients with infective endocarditis. The choice and duration of antimicrobial therapy is determined by the infecting micro-organism, sensitivity of this micro-organism for antimicrobial therapy, location of the endocarditis, left-sided or right-sided, and presence of intracardial prosthetic material. In this guideline, the empirical therapy for endocarditis is discussed as well as the therapy for the most frequent causative organisms: streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci and HACEK micro-organisms.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Enterococcus , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Países Baixos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The most important symptom in acute pancreatitis is pain. This pain often is so severe that treatment is started with opioid analgesics. In daily practice meperidine is often the analgesic of first choice because it is supposed to cause less spasm of the M. sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae (sphincter of Oddi). Drawbacks of the use of meperidine compared with other opiods are myoclonias, tremors and convulsions due to accumulation of the metabolite norpethidine, and hypotension, tachycardia and erythema due to release of more histamine from mast cells. From literature study it appeared that all opioids have a spasmogenic effect on the sphincter of Oddi, that there are no good arguments to assume that this effect is less when meperidine is used, and that there is no good evidence that this spasmogenic effect of opioid analgesics influences the course of acute pancreatitis in an unfavourable way. Since the profile of effects and side effects of meperidine is unfavourable, we prefer the use of opioids with a larger therapeutic width.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Meperidina/efeitos adversos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Pancreatite/complicações , Doença Aguda , Contraindicações , Discinesia Induzida por Medicamentos/etiologia , Eritema/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Hipotensão/induzido quimicamente , Dor/etiologia , Esfíncter da Ampola Hepatopancreática/efeitos dos fármacos , Taquicardia/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
In this article arguments are given to stop the current practise of infusing albumin in patients in shock and low levels of serum albumin. Correcting the albumin levels is not correlated with better survival or change in morbidity. Fluid therapy including the use of synthetic plasma expanders is the accepted therapy for patients in sceptic shock.
Assuntos
Albuminas/uso terapêutico , Choque/terapia , Humanos , Substitutos do Plasma/uso terapêutico , Albumina Sérica/deficiência , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Choque Séptico/terapiaRESUMO
The relative bioavailability of chloroquinone in Witepsol H15 suppositories can vary between 10 and 53% of the bioavailability of a tablet formulation in adults. Therefore, it is therapeutically not sound to replace chloroquine tablets by a rectal formulation with the same dose.