RESUMO
The rhythmicity of egg production by Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) in wild caught wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) was studied. Faecal production followed a 24 h cycle, with peaks at 0400 h and troughs at 1300-1900 h. The patterns in eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and total eggs were similar to each other, though the former was more accentuated. Both of these followed a 24 h cycle, with peaks coinciding with troughs in faecal production and vice versa. Faecal weight was inversely correlated with EPG, but was not significantly correlated with total eggs. The pattern in EPG presumably reflected the effect of faecal production on the total eggs excreted in each 3 h period. The observed cycle in total eggs probably describes the pattern of egg production by the worm, although other factors, such as the host's intestinal rhythms, may contribute to this cycle.
Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Muridae/parasitologia , Nematospiroides dubius/fisiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária , Animais , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Oviposição , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Although Wilms tumor has been a favored subject for cytogenetic investigation, little is known about chromosomes in adult urinary tract cancers. For this reason, we excluded Wilms' tumor and studied a series of 32 adult urinary tract tumors. Nineteen tumors had detectable autosomal abnormalities. Each of ten renal tumors (consisting of eight renal cell and two transitional cell carcinomas) had three or more chromosome abnormalities. Two candidates for primary chromosome changes in renal cancer are rearrangement of 3p14 and an unbalanced translocation with breakpoints of 5q13 and 14q22. Trisomy 20 is a frequent secondary change. Other nonrandom changes in renal cancer are rearrangements of 1q and +7, -8, -9, -14, -15, +16, and deletions of 17p. Eight bladder and a ureter tumor were all transitional cell carcinomas. Two bladder and the ureter tumor had only one detectable abnormality: deletions of 10q24 and 21q22 and +7, respectively. Other nonrandom bladder changes were -9, +13, +15, and +20. From a cytogenetic standpoint, adult urinary tract tumors appear to be chromosomally complex but critical consistencies are emerging.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Ureterais/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/genética , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Humanos , Cariotipagem , MasculinoAssuntos
Derivação Urinária/métodos , Idoso , Colo/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Pelve Renal/cirurgia , UrografiaRESUMO
Most acute urological problems can be dealt with quite readily by the family physician. However, torsion of the testicle and major trauma require special consideration. Torsion should be managed by immediate surgical reduction. In the management of diagnosed injuries to the urinary tract, the four basic principles are exploration, repair, drainage and diversion.
