"The strength of Nebraska": Boyd Epley, Husker Power, and the formation of the strength coaching profession.

Boyd Epley was hired as the first full-time strength and conditioning coach at the University of Nebraska in 1969. Epley's hiring was the result of his extensive knowledge of strength training, an injury, and several disappointing seasons for the Cornhusker football team. An enterprising young coach, Tom Osborne, recognized that injured football players who trained with Epley, then an injured varsity pole-vaulter, returned to the team stronger than when they left. Osborne and Epley were able to convince head football coach and athletic director, Bob Devaney, that his belief that weight training was detrimental to athletic performance was unfounded. After starting the Husker Power program, Epley consistently worked to make it more scientific and specific to the demands of football. The results of Epley's work speak for themselves, over a career that spanned 35 years, football teams under his tutelage recorded 356 wins, 5 national championships, and a host of national player of the year award winners. In addition to his work as a practitioner of strength and conditioning, Epley also played an integral role in organizing a disparate group of individuals into a recognizable profession. He was the driving force in founding the National Strength and Conditioning Association in 1978. The organization would go on to fund and disseminate research in the field, resulting in the highly skilled practitioners of strength and conditioning practicing today.

Peter V. Karpovich: transforming the strength paradigm.

One of the most important figures in the public's acceptance of weight training as an acceptable activity for athletes was Russian-born physician Peter V. Karpovich of Springfield College, Springfield, MA. Karpovich, like most early 20th-century educators, opposed weight training for athletes and held a low opinion of weightlifting as an activity in general. However, he became strength science's most eminent and visible advocate after witnessing a demonstration of weightlifting organized by Bob Hoffman of the York Barbell Company in 1940. Following that demonstration, Karpovich conducted several seminal studies that examined the bedrock beliefs on which the arguments normally cited against lifting were built-that it would make a person slow and inflexible-in short, muscle-bound. His research consistently revealed that those beliefs were in error. Later, he went on to collaborate with Jim Murray on the first science-based book on the subject of strength training, Weight Training in Athletics, published in 1956.