Baseline laboratory parameters for preliminary diagnosis of COVID-19 among children: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Clinical judgment of initial baseline laboratory tests plays an important role in triage and preliminary diagnosis among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine the differences in laboratory parameters between COVID-19 and COVID-like patients, and between COVID-19 and healthy children. Additionally, to ascertain whether healthy children or patients with COVID-like symptoms would form a better control group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 42 pediatric patients of both sexes with COVID-19. Hematological parameters (white blood cell count, absolute lymphocyte count and platelet count) and biochemical parameters (natremia, kalemia, chloremia, aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) were collected. The first control group was formed by 80 healthy children and the second control group was formed by 55 pediatric patients with COVID-like symptoms. RESULTS: Leukocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytosis, elevated systemic inflammatory index and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and elevated levels of AST, ALT, LDH and CRP were present in COVID patients, in comparison with healthy controls, while in comparison with COVID-like controls only lymphopenia was determined. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of leukocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytosis, elevated systemic inflammatory index and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, hyponatremia, hypochloremia and elevated levels of AST, ALT, LDH and CRP may help healthcare providers in early identification of COVID-19 patients. Healthy controls were superior to COVID-like controls since they provided better insight into the laboratory characteristics of children with novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Influence of lipid metabolism disorders on venous thrombosis risk.

Background: To investigate the influence of lipid metabolism disorders on the risk of deep vein thrombosis. Methods: A total of 200 subjects participated in the study, 100 of whom experienced DVT with or without PTE, and 100 healthy subjects representing the control group. We classified patients and controls in terms of serum concentrations of chylomicrons, LDL, IDL, VLDL, and HDL particles, as those with or without hyperlipoproteinemia and in terms of serum Lp (a) lipoprotein levels, as those with hyperLp (a) lipoproteinemia (serum Lp (a) values >0.3 g/L) and those without hyperLp (a) lipoproteinemia (serum Lp (a) values <0.3 g/L). Based on the modified and supplemented Fredrickson classification, participants with verified existences of hyperlipoproteinemia were classified into subgroups based on the type of hyperlipoproteinemia. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs with 95% CIS as a measure of the relative risks for venous thrombosis in participants with hyperlipoproteinemia compared with those without hyperlipoproteinemia. The analysis was adjusted for all potential confounders (age, sex, obesity) related to the functionality of the lipid metabolism, and at the same time, may have an impact on the risk of venous thrombosis. Results: The results of the comparison of the mean values of individual lipid status parameters between the patient group and the control group clearly indicate higher concentrations of total cholesterol (5.93 mmol/L vs. 5.52 mmol/L), total triglycerides (1.58 mmol/L vs. 1.50 mmol/L), and LDL-cholesterol (3.83 mmol/L vs. 3.44 mmol/L) in the patient group relative to the control group, with a statistically significant difference observed only in the case of LDL-cholesterol concentrations. We have found that type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a nearly double increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (OR 1.99; Cl 1.01-3.90), while type IIb, IV, or hyperLp (a) lipoproteinemia did not influence the risk (OR 1.22; 95% Cl 0.79-1.84; OR 0.89; 95% Cl 0.52-1.54 OR 1.85; 95% CI 0.84-4.04). Conclusions: Hypercholesterolemia doubles the risk of deep vein thrombosis development.

Hypomagnesemia in adults of northern Serbia: prevalence, nutritional risk factors, and associated comorbidities.

INTRODUCTION: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is associated with numerous non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in the general adult population of Northern Serbia (NS), and to determine the level of Mg in drinking water. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 5,122 adults from the general population. Serum level of Mg was determined by spectrophotometry, while the level of Mg in the drinking water was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Standard laboratory methods were used to determine individual's blood lipid status and complete blood count. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.75 mmol/L) in the general population was 2.7%, while the prevalence of the subjects with high risk for the Mg deficiency (Mg 0.75-0.85 mmol/L) was 20.1%. The public water supply showed variable values between 17.3-35.3 mg/L. Age, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes mellitus, and glycemia increase with the decrease of Mg level. In addition, increased level of Mg was associated with higher red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in Northern Serbia is low (2.7%) and level of Mg in drinking water is not satisfactory. Serum level of Mg in the range 0.75-0.85 mmol/L is present in about 1/5 of the population. Glycemia, advanced age, gender, and smoking have a predictive role in hypomagnesemia occurrence. There is a significant correlation between serum level of Mg and lifestyle and dietary habits.