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AIM: To study physical and chemical structures and properties including calorific value of human adipose tissue in different anatomical location in autopsy-assigned clinical trial. METHODS: A pilot physical and chemical descriptive randomized autopsy-assigned trial. Adipose tissue 252 sampled from 36 individuals at autopsy who between 36 and 63 years old died from road accidents. Interventions: Chemical functional groups and calorific value were studied using infrared and atomic adsorptive spectrometries, elemental chemical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Adipose tissue was sampled from the 7 various anatomical locations. RESULTS: The highest levels of the analysed chemical substancies were found in dense atherosclerotic plaque. Dense atherosclerotic plaque contains the most of metabolic products, organic and inorganic elements. Dense atherosclerotic plaque has the most of calorific value. The lowest calorific capacity has a pararenal fat. CONCLUSIONS: Human body lipids serve as a harbor for various organic substances, they may absorb different metabolic products, and they have different calorific capacity depending on their location and forms. Atherosclerotic plaque contains the most of organic and inorganic elements, and brings the highest energy potential.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in worldwide despite the development of new treatment methods. Aim of the study was to evaluate a weight loss method on body composition, glycemic, lipid and hormone profiles, blood pressure and reactive oxygen species in people with treated type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A 24-week open, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial including 272 adult patients with treated type 2 diabetes was performed. The patients were divided in two groups: Main group consisted of 208 patients who followed a method including a calorie restriction diet and optimal physical activity; Control included 64 patients who received conventional drug treatment with weight loss. Main Outcome Measures were weight loss, fasting glucose and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c. Secondary endpoints were blood pressure, lipid and insulin blood levels. RESULTS: At 24 weeks, patients in Main weight lost between 8-18 kg (10-21%); their body mass index significantly decreased (-4.2 kg/m2) as well as their waist circumference (-13 cm) compared to Control. In Main weight loss was achieved fatty mass reduction. In Main fasting glucose and OGTT, HbA1c, blood pressure, reactive oxygen species decreased significantly, whereas hemoglobin levels and heel bone mineral density increased. In Main blood insulin levels decreased by 72.0%, cortisol levels decreased by 40.7%, while testosterone levels in men increased by 2.4 times from baseline. The application of the weight loss method led to a decrease in drug doses leading to their complete withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show the beneficial role of a weight loss method in improving glycemic, lipid and hormone profiles, electrolyte and biochemical indices, blood pressure, reactive oxygen species and bone mineral density in patients with treated type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02503865. Retrospectively registered November 2015.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and burden of atherosclerotic (AS) diseases are increasing during the last twenty years. Some studies show a close relationship between overweight and AS, but influence on AS diseases of different weight loss methods are still studying. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of a weight loss program in AS patients in randomized controlled trial, and to develop a conception of evolution of AS. METHODS: A randomized controlled prospective clinical trial including 97 people, from them 71 patients with various AS manifestations. Patients were divided in 2 subgroups for non-drug weight loss program, and conventional drug therapy. The weight loss program included calorie restriction with 100-150 kcal/day, fat-free vegetables, salt diet, and optimum physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 17.0. RESULTS: The weight loss subgroup lost ranging between 7-20% from an initial weight (P = 0.016). Weight loss was achieved due to fatty mass reduction only (P = 0.005). Hemoglobin levels (P < 0.001), bone mineral density (P < 0.001), percentages of water (P = 0.006) and muscle masses (P = 0.0038) were increased in weight loss subgroup. Ejection fraction (P < 0.0001), systolic output (P < 0.0001) were increased in patients with coronary artery disease. The weight loss program led to a decrease in symptomatic drugs doses up to total abolition. A conception of AS was developed. CONCLUSIONS: The weight loss program treated the AS diseases; improved laboratory and instrumental parameters, decreased symptomatic drugs doses. AS development is a logical way of ontogenetic ageing of body fat. TRIAL INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01700075. TRIAL NATIONAL REGISTRATION: State registration is # 0109RK000079, code is O.0475 at the National Center for Scientific and Technical Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
