[The oxidant and antioxidant systems in patients with stable stenocardia and with a history of small- and large-focus myocardial infarcts]. / Sostoianie oksidantnoi i antioksidantnoi sistem u bol'nykh stabil'noi stenokardiei i perenesshikh melko- i krupnoochagovyi infarkt miokarda.

A study was made as well as a comparison of values of the cholesterol (Chs) lipid fractions concentrations, and of those of the lipid peroxidation processes activity (LPP) and the gluthathione antioxidant system (AOS) status in male subjects aged from 45 to 59 years, healthy individuals and patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (micro- and macrofocal) during cicatrizing stage (health resort rehabilitation stage). In patients with various forms of IHD total cholesterol is raised as are atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherogenicity index, intensification being noted of LPO along with a considerable decrease in functional potencies of AOS. Similar pattern of changes of LPO and AOS in patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI) during cicatrization stage certainly warrants correction of these systems not only in acute phase of MI but at the stage of rehabilitation as well.

[The characteristics of cardiac hyperfunction in virtually healthy middle-aged and elderly subjects]. / Osobennosti giperfunktsii serdtsa u prakticheski zdorovykh lits pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

62 apparently healthy persons aged 50-96 years were evaluated by echocardiography. Established in this series were an increase in incidence of hypertrophies of left ventricle with age and change in their qualitative distribution towards predominance of forms associated with sclerotic alterations in myocardium. Relation between different types of hypertrophy and parameters of systemic hemodynamics was noted as was their influence upon contractility of myocardium. The data obtained suggest that moderate hypertrophy of myocardium may have a positive, compensatory role in elderly and old people.

[The characteristics of using visken in middle-aged and elderly patients with arterial hypertension]. / Osoblyvosti vykorystannia viskenu u khvorykh z arterial'noiu hipertenziieiu pokhyloho ta starechoho viku.

Effect of three-week treatment with visken on renal and central haemodynamics, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and metabolism of electrolytes was studied in 88 elderly and old patients 45 of whom had hypertonic disease (HD) in the second stage and 43 suffered from atherosclerotic (isolated systolic) hypertension (AH). Visken is a highly effective hypotensive beta-adrenoblocker with partially retained sympathomimetic activity. It may be administered as monotherapy to elderly patients with HD as well as to the old and elderly with SH regardless of initial state of systemic and renal haemodynamics. The drug makes blood pressure fall due to its diuretic effect and decrease of general peripheral vascular resistance. It improves renal blood circulation, reduces renal vascular resistance, enhances compromised glomerular filtration but exert no influence upon RAAS. Efficacy of visken diminishes with age. This phenomenon is conditioned by increased refractivity rate and more frequent adverse effects in the old with HD. Latent heart failure, disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity (even if mentioned in anamnesis) as well as hypokalemia are contraindications to visken.

[Age-related changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes of healthy persons and patients with hypertension]. / Vikovi zminy retseptoriv gliuko- i mineralokortykoïdiv v limfotsytakh zdorovykh i khvorykh na gipertonichnu khvorobu liudei.

It has been found that the number of glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of healthy elderly subjects increases, while the number of mineralocorticoid receptors decreases. The mechanisms of hormone-receptor interactions in hypertension are activated: the number of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid binding sites grows in hypertensive patients. Still a more essential rise in the number of receptors is observed in mid-age hypertensive patients than in elderly ones.

[Effect of antihypertensive therapy with captopril on gluco- and mineralocorticoid receptors of peripheral blood lymphocytes in hypertensive patients of various age]. / Vliianie gipotenzivnoi terapii kaptoprilom na retseptory gliuko- i mineralokortikoidov v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu raznogo vozrasta.

Binding of 3H-dexamethasone and 3H-aldosterone by peripheral lymphocyte receptors was investigated in healthy persons and hypertensive patients before and after 2-week captopril treatment. The number of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid binding sites was increased in hypertensives vs normotensives. The treatment with the ACE inhibitor captopril led to activation of hormone-receptor interactions. There was a more marked rise of the number of receptors in middle-aged (44-55 years) hypertensives vs elderly (61-80 years) subjects after captopril treatment.

[Hormonal mechanisms in the regulation of arterial pressure and its hemodynamic structure in old age]. / Gormonal'nye mekhanizmy reguliatsii urovnia arterial'nogo davleniia i ego gemodinamicheskoi struktury v starosti.

Age-related increase of vascular resistance determines blood pressure (BP) level in normotensive and hypertensive people. Maintenance of normotension in old age is connected with a decrease of the cardiac output. Increased cardiac output is considered to be an important factor of arterial hypertension in old age. Disturbances in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and hypophyseal-adrenal systems are observed with advanced age and their degree increases in arterial hypertension. Variability of BP within normal range is closely connected with plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations. BP level and increased cardiac output are related to increased plasma ACTH and vasopressin concentrations in hypertensive subjects.

[The effect of sermion on the main hemodynamic indices in patients with the initial manifestations of cerebral atherosclerosis]. / Vliianie sermiona na osnovnye pokazateli gemodinamiki u bol'nykh s nachal'nymi proiavleniiami tserebral'nogo ateroskleroza.

It has been found that the drug sermion (nicergoline)--a synthetic ergot alkaloid with alpha-adrenoblocking action--produces a pronounced vasoactive (spasmolytic) effect in the elderly patients suffering of initial atherosclerotic encephalopathy. A course of sermion treatment improves, via its effect on the brain and lower extremity vessels, the flow in most involved vascular regions. High concentrations of the drug after intravenous administration of 4 mg of sermion (nicergoline) result in a rise of the sympathetic vascular tone, high adrenoblocking action.

[Age-related characteristics of the prostaglandin system in healthy subjects and in patients with arterial hypertension: hypertonic disease and systolic (atherosclerotic) hypertension]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti prostaglandinovoi sistemy u zdorovykh i bol'nykh s arterial'noi gipertenziei: gipertonicheskaia bolezn' i sistolicheskaia (ateroskleroticheskaia) gipertenziia.

A group of 89 apparently healthy subjects and 175 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and systolic (atherosclerotic) hypertension aged 25 to 74 years were surveyed. The healthy subjects were found to have changes in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and metabolism: a reduction in blood plasma concentration of PGE2 and its urinary excretion, a rise in plasma PGF2 level, and, generally, increase in the pressor and decrease in depressor potentials of the PG system. In the EH patients, changes in the PG synthesis and metabolism were unidirectional and had quantitative variations. The differences in the PG levels of healthy and EH-afflicted individuals were found to become less marked with age. The patients with systolic hypertension exhibited higher plasma prostacyclin concentrations as compared to the age-matching control, which is evidence of a lower pressor potential of the PG system than that of the EH patients. The nature and magnitude of changes in the PG system play a certain role in blood pressure formation and in development of the hemodynamic variant of arterial hypertension.

Prostaglandins in elderly humans with normal and high arterial pressure.

Blood and urine prostaglandin content was studied in normal humans and in arterial hypertension patients aged 25-74 years (by radioimmune method), exploring also hemodynamic indices (by stain dilution method). It was found that with age even in case of normal indices the blood 'humoral pressor potential' tends to rise. In the blood and urine of young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension in comparison with the healthy persons, the relationships between pressor and depressor classes of prostaglandins underwent still greater changes, with the former rising and the latter declining. In the elderly patients these relationships are modified to a much lesser degree, which probably determines a relatively more benign hemodynamic and clinical course of arterial hypertension in old age (essential hypertension and, particularly, isolated systolic hypertension).

[Mortality and biologic aging in the human]. / Mortalität und biologisches Alter beim Menschen.

Summarizing it can be said that the statistical approach proposed in the present paper constitutes a starting point for one of the possible alternatives regarding quantitative assessments of the relationship between features and the vitality level and the mortality of man. The other alternatives and modifications that permit to increase the information content of the calculations should also be used to obtain an idea of the overall system.

Study of blood lipid content and occurrence of hyperlipoproteinemias in hypertensive patients of various age.

The level of serum lipids and HLP occurrence were investigated in apparently healthy subjects and in patients with arterial hypertension (essential and systolic forms) aged 20-30, 60-74 and 75-89 years. The increase of total cholesterol and atherogeneity coefficient, HLP occurrence and decrease of alpha-cholesterol content were noted in the control group during aging. The essential hypertension is accompanied by the increased HLP occurrence mainly in 20-30 and 60-74 year-old patients, as compared with the corresponding control groups. The content of serum lipids and HLP occurrence were found to be higher in 75-89-year-old patients within systolic hypertension group.

The assessment of biological age and sex differences of human aging.

Biological age can be assessed by means of clinical parameters. Some parameters are more suitable than others; criteria for a rational selection of such parameters are discussed in detail. The main tool used in this essay is multiple linear regression. The data reveal a characteristic sex difference in human and, presumably, mammalian aging.

[Age-related characteristics of the normal blood content of lipids and lipoproteins and in arterial hypertension]. / Vuzrastovi osobenosti v sudurzhanieto na lipidite i lipoproteinite v kruvta v norma i pri arterialna khipertoniia.

The quantity of low and very low density lipoproteins and the total cholesterine is increased in the blood of healthy subjects with advanced age (60-74) as compared with young subjects (20-30). The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemias is increased and cholesterine content is reduced in the composition of high density lipoproteins. In old age (75-89) those discrepancies are less manifested as compared with the young. Hyperlipoproteinemias (IIa, IIb, II and IV types) are more frequent in hypertonic disease, mainly in young patients and patients with advanced age. The content of lipids and lipoproteins in blood is increased in atherosclerotic systolic hypertension; hyperlipoproteinemias (mainly IV type) are found more often in old age.

[Blood lipids and lipoproteins in atherosclerotic (systolic) hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly]. / Lipidy i lipoproteidy krovi u bol'nykh ateroskleroticheskoi (sistolicheskoi) gipertenziei pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

It was found that in ageing there is a decrease in the amount of cholesterol in the composition of high-density lipoproteins, alpha-lipoproteins in blood, an increase in the total fraction of low- and very low density lipoproteins, total cholesterol, triacylglycerines and the atherogenicity coefficient, and a growth in the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia. The described age changes were more marked in the group of elderly females. In atherosclerotic (systolic) hypertension the atherogenic disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are revealed to a greater extent in old age both in males and females and are mainly characterized by type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.