Prevalence of tuberculosis treatment non-adherence in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-adherence to treatment is one of the challenges facing global tuberculosis (TB) control. In Ethiopia, an extremely variable and high magnitude of TB treatment non-adherence have been reported from different parts of the country. However, there has been no attempt to estimate the pooled prevalence of non-adherence from this heterogeneous data. To review the available literature and estimate the overall prevalence of treatment non-adherence among patients with TB on first-line treatment in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles on TB treatment non-adherence. We included 26 studies, which contained data on 37 381 patients with TB. The crude prevalence of non-adherence reported by the studies included was extremely variable (range 0.2-35%). The overall pooled estimate of non-adherence prevalence was 10.0% (95%CI 8.0-11.0). The pooled prevalence of patients lost to follow-up alone was 5.0% (95%CI 4.0-6.0), while the pooled prevalence of intermittent non-adherence was 20.0% (95%CI 15.0-25.0). The rate of TB treatment non-adherence in Ethiopia remains too high to achieve target treatment success rates and prevent drug resistance. Implementing an effective patient retention scheme, along with the DOTS strategy, is critical to improving treatment adherence and preventing drug resistance. .

Prevalence of UTI among Iranian infants with prolonged jaundice, and its main causes: A systematic review and meta-analysis study.

INTRODUCTION: An extremely variable and high prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants with prolonged jaundice has been reported in Iran. However, there is no research from the area that has attempted to estimate pooled prevalence of UTI from considerably diverse evidence. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of UTI in infants with prolonged jaundice who were admitted into clinics or hospitals in Iran. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of published articles on UTI prevalence in infants with prolonged jaundice in Iran. Electronic databases were searched, including Web of Sciences, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Iranian Scientific Information Database (SID) and Iranmedex, for both English and Persian language articles published between January, 2000 and March, 2017. All possible combinations of the following keywords were used: jaundice, icterus, hyperbilirubinemia during infancy, infection and neonatal. Nine studies that reported prevalence of UTI in infants with prolonged jaundice were included. The overall prevalence of UTI was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis models. RESULTS: A total of 1750 infants were pooled to estimate the overall prevalence of UTI in infants with prolonged jaundice. The prevalence reported by the studies included in this literature review was extremely variable and ranged 0.6-53.9%. The overall prevalence was 11% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.0-18.0), and Escherichia coli was found to be the main cause of UTI. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of UTI was 11%, and E. coli was the main cause of UTI in infants with prolonged jaundice. Screening of UTI should be considered for infants with prolonged jaundice.