RESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the outcomes of respiratory muscle training (RMT) with flow-oriented incentive spirometer on respiratory function measurements and their relationship with the swallowing biomechanics variables. Methods: 29 subjects underwent training for seven consecutive days (three sets of ten repetitions for inspiration and expiration). The swallowing biomechanics was assessed by video fluoroscopy, using as temporal variable the pharyngeal transit time and as visuoperceptual variables the number of swallows, residues in pyriform sinuses and valleculae, and penetration/aspiration. Respiratory function measurements were assessed by maximal respiratory pressures and spirometry. Results: RMT influenced pharyngeal transit time (p=0.002) and maximal inspiratory pressure correlated with the number of swallows after RMT (ρ=0.62, p=0.01). There was a significant increase in the maximum respiratory pressures post RMT (p<0.0001). Conclusion: RMT increased maximal respiratory pressures and influenced the reduction of pharyngeal transit time. Besides that, there was a relation between the maximum inspiratory pressure and the number of post-training swallows.
RESUMO Objetivo: verificar os desfechos do treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR) com espirômetro de incentivo orientado a fluxo sobre as medidas de função respiratória e sua relação com a biomecânica da deglutição. Métodos: 29 sujeitos realizaram o treinamento por sete dias consecutivos (três séries de dez repetições para inspiração e expiração). A biomecânica da deglutição foi avaliada por videofluoroscopia, utilizando como variável temporal o tempo de transito faríngeo e como visuoperceptuais o número de deglutições, resíduos em seios piriformes e valéculas, penetração/aspiração. As medidas de função respiratória foram avaliadas por meio das pressões respiratórias máximas e espirometria. Resultados: o TMR influenciou o tempo de trânsito faríngeo (p=0,002) e a pressão inspiratória máxima correlacionou-se com o número de deglutições pós TMR (ρ=0,62, p=0,01). Houve aumento significante nas pressões respiratórias máximas pós TMR (p<0,0001). Conclusão: o TMR aumentou as pressões respiratórias máximas e influenciou na redução do tempo de trânsito faríngeo. Ainda, houve relação entre a pressão inspiratória máxima com o número de deglutições pós-treinamento.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Relate respiratory muscle strength (RMS), sound pressure (SP) level, and vocal acoustic parameters to the abdominal circumference (AC) and nutritional status of children. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Eighty-two school children aged between 8 and 10 years, grouped by nutritional states (eutrophic, overweight, or obese) and AC percentile (≤25, 25-75, and ≥75), were included in the study. Evaluations of maximal inspiratory pressure (IPmax) and maximal expiratory pressure (EPmax) were conducted using the manometer and SP and acoustic parameters through the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program Advanced (KayPENTAX, Montvale, New Jersey). RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the EPmax of children with AC between the 25th and 75th percentiles (72.4) and those less than or equal to the 25th percentile (61.9) and in the SP of those greater than or equal to the 75th percentile (73.4) and less than or equal to the 25th percentile (66.6). The IPmax, EPmax, SP levels, and acoustic variables were not different in relation to the nutritional states of the children. There was a strong and positive correlation between the coefficient of amplitude perturbations (shimmer), the harmonics-to-noise ratio and the variation of the fundamental frequency, respectively, 0.79 and 0.71. CONCLUSIONS: RMS and acoustic voice characteristics in children do not appear to be influenced by nutritional states, and respiratory pressure does not interfere with acoustic voice characteristics. However, localized fat, represented by the AC, alters the EPmax and the SP, each of which increases as the AC increases.
