RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Genetic changes associated with gastric cancer are not completely known, but epigenetic mechanisms involved in this disease seem to play an important role in its pathophysiology. One of these mechanisms, an aberrant methylation in the promoter regions of genes involved in cancer induction and promotion, may be of particular importance in gastric cancer. AIM: To analyze the methylation status of eight genes: Apaf-1, Casp8, CDH1, MDR1, GSTP1, BRCA1, hMLH1, Fas in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: The methylation pattern of the genes was assessed by methylation specific restriction enzyme PCR (MSRE-PCR) in gastric tumors taken during surgery of 27 patients and compared with the methylation pattern in material obtained from biopsy in 25 individuals without cancer and pre-cancerous lesions. RESULTS: We observed a promoter hypermethylation in the Casp8, hMLH1, CDH1 and MDR1 in gastric cancer patients as compared with the controls. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between promoter hypermethylation and age, gender, smoking and gastric cancer family history. The hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene occurred more frequently in female than in men, and the hypermethylation of the CDH1 gene was observed preferentially in smoking than in non-smoking individuals. CONCLUSION: The data obtained indicate that changes in DNA methylation may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , DNA/química , Primers do DNA/química , Feminino , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Metilação , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Estatísticos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate hypoxia markers (VEGF, GLUT-1, and HIF-1alpha) in cervical cancer tissue depending on staging (FIGO) and grading. We also analyzed the adverse effects of radiotherapy according to expression levels of hypoxic markers in the studied tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, also known as proangiogenic factor) were estimated in biopsy or surgical specimens from 106 patients diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer. Immunohistochemical methods with EbVision+ complex using monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF and anti-HIF-1alpha and polyclonal antibody anti-GLUT-1 were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia features measured by percentage of cells undergoing reaction with antibodies anti-HIF-1alpha, anti-GLUT-1 and anti-VEGF were similar in all clinical stages; however the biggest hypoxia features were shown in low differentiated cancers G2 and G3. The 5-year survival for FIGO Stage III patients was shorter in cases with a high expression of hypoxic markers. We observed adverse effects in 45.3% of patients, which occurred more often in patients with higher expression of the studied factors. The presence of hypoxic cells is established as one of the most important factors affecting resistance against tumor radiotherapy and patient prognosis.
Assuntos
Hipóxia Celular , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1/análise , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/análise , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análise , Biomarcadores/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismoRESUMO
Congenital defects of respiratory system in children constitute a small percentage of all innate defects. In 1983-1989 in the Clinic Pulmonology and Allergology Medical School in Warsaw hospitalized 2522 children. Authors recognized the congenital defects of respiratory system in 29 cases. The opinions of authors only a complex diagnostic examinations makes it possible in most of the cases to rapidly correct diagnosis and choose proper treatment.
