Charge number effect on the miscibility of inorganic salt and surfactant in adsorbed film and micelle: Inorganic salt-dodecylammonium chloride mixtures.

The effect of inorganic salts with different charge numbers of cations on the adsorption and micelle formation of dodecylammonium chloride (DAC) was clarified by applying the thermodynamic treatment of surfactant mixtures to mixtures of DAC with calcium and lanthanum chlorides and comparing the results with those of the sodium chloride-DAC mixture in the previous study. Surface tension of aqueous solutions of the salt-DAC mixture was measured as a function of the total molality of the mixture and the mole fraction of DAC in the mixture at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Judging from the phase diagrams of adsorption and micelle formation obtained from the surface tension measurement, dodecylammonium cations expel inorganic cations from the adsorbed film and micelle and the repulsive interaction between dodecylammonium and inorganic cations increases with increasing charge number of the inorganic cation.

Charge number effect on the miscibility of inorganic salt and surfactant in adsorbed film and micelle: inorganic salt-octyl methyl sulfoxide mixtures.

Adsorption and micelle formation of a surfactant in the presence of inorganic salts with different charge numbers of cations were investigated from the viewpoint of mixed adsorption and micelle formation of salt and surfactant. Surface tension of aqueous solutions of the mixtures of octyl methyl sulfoxide (OMS) with calcium chloride and lanthanum chloride was measured as a function of the total molality of the mixture and the mole fraction of OMS in the mixture at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Composition of the adsorbed film and micelle was numerically evaluated from the dependence of the total molality at a given surface tension and the mixture CMC on the bulk composition to draw phase diagrams of adsorption and micelle formation. Judging from the phase diagrams together with the ones of the sodium chloride system, miscibility of inorganic salt and OMS in the adsorbed film and micelle increases with an increase in the charge number of inorganic cation, which is attributable to the attractive interaction between inorganic cation and the polar head group of OMS molecule in the adsorbed film and micelle.

Negative azeotropy in mixed adsorption of hexanol and dodecylammonium chloride at water/air interface.

Miscibility of hexanol and dodecylammonium chloride (DAC) in adsorbed films and micelles was investigated by evaluating the compositions of the adsorbed films and micelles from surface tension measurements. Judging from the phase diagram of adsorption, negative azeotropy of adsorption was observed for the mixed adsorption of hexanol and DAC at water/air interfaces. The nonideal mixing in the adsorbed film was clarified using excess functions of adsorption. Interaction between hexanol and DAC in the adsorbed film was compared with that between other alkanols and surfactants. It was found that the range of azeotropes is narrower for the hexanol-DAC mixture than for the heptanol-octylsulfinylethanol mixture, because interaction between different species in an adsorbed film is weaker in the former than in the latter.

Miscibility of sodium chloride and decyl methyl sulfoxide in the adsorbed film and micelle.

The surface tension of aqueous solutions of a sodium chloride (NaCl)-decyl methyl sulfoxide (DeMS) mixture was measured as a function of the total molality of the mixture and the mole fraction of DeMS in the mixture at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The total surface density of the mixture and the mole fraction of DeMS in the adsorbed film and micelle were numerically evaluated by applying the thermodynamic treatment of surfactant mixture to the NaCl-DeMS mixture. Miscibility of NaCl and DeMS in the adsorbed film and micelle was clarified by use of the phase diagram of adsorption and micelle formation. Positive adsorption of NaCl was observed in the presence of DeMS and attributed to attractive interaction between the polar head group of DeMS molecule and Na+ or Cl- ions in the adsorbed film and micelle. The results were compared with those of NaCl-octyl methyl sulfoxide and NaCl-decyldimethylphosphine oxide mixtures to elucidate the structure effect of nonionic surfactant on the miscibility.