Double-Barrel Superficial Temporal Artery to Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass to Treat Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: A Reliable High Blood Flow Bypass.

BACKGROUND: The superficial temporal artery (STA) to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass has been reported before. However, the flow supply capacity of the double-barrel STA to proximal MCA bypass in treating complex intracranial aneurysms has not been well documented. METHODS: Consecutive cases using double-barrel STA to proximal MCA bypass to treat complex intracranial aneurysms during the past 5 years were collected. Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring and motor evoked potential monitoring were applied for each patient to identify any ischemic events during surgery. After bypass, the aneurysm was trapped, or the proximal parent artery was occluded. Digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate the patency of bypass postoperatively. Blood flow was measured by ultrasound before discharge. RESULTS: Among 1561 patients treated for intracranial aneurysms in our institute, 6 were included for the current report. There were 2 dominant M2 fusiform aneurysms, 2 M1 fusiform aneurysms, 1 supraclinoid internal carotid artery fusiform aneurysm, and 1 M1 bifurcation giant aneurysm. All 6 cases were successfully treated using this technique. One patient had temporary numbness in the contralateral extremities, which was caused by perforator complications. The blood flow carried by the STA was 108-232 mL/minute. CONCLUSIONS: When anastomosed to proximal branches, a double-barrel STA to MCA bypass can reliably provide a high blood flow of >100 mL/minute. Combined with aneurysm trapping or parent artery occlusion, this bypass algorithm could be an alternative treatment for complex intracranial aneurysms.

Surgical outcome of motor deficits and neurological status in brainstem cavernous malformations based on preoperative diffusion tensor imaging: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical management of brainstem lesions is challenging due to the highly compact, eloquent anatomy of the brainstem. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs). METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed by using stratified blocked randomization. The primary eligibility criterion of the study was being a surgical candidate for brainstem CMs (with informed consent). The study enrolled 23 patients who underwent preoperative DTI/DTT and 24 patients who did not (the control group). The pre- and postoperative muscle strength of both limbs and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were evaluated. Muscle strength of any limb at 12 months after surgery at the clinic visit was the primary outcome; worsened muscle strength was considered to be a poor outcome. Outcome assessors were blinded to patient management. This study reports the preliminary results of the interim analysis. RESULTS: The cohort included 47 patients (22 women) with a mean age of 35.7 years. The clinical baselines between these 2 groups were not significantly different. In the DTI/DTT group, the corticospinal tract was affected in 17 patients (73.9%): it was displaced, deformed/partially interrupted, or completely interrupted in 6, 7, and 4 patients, respectively. The surgical approach and brainstem entry point were adjusted in 3 patients (13.0%) based on DTI/DTT data. The surgical morbidity of the DTI/DTT group (7/23, 30.4%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (19/24, 79.2%, p = 0.001). At 12 months, the mean mRS score (1.1, p = 0.034) and percentage of patients with worsened motor deficits (4.3%, p = 0.006) were significantly lower in the DTI/DTT group than in the control group (1.7% and 37.5%). Multivariate logistic regression identified the absence of preoperative DTI/DTT (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.73, p = 0.028) and use of the 2-point method (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.38-12.49, p = 0.011) as independent adverse factors for a worsened motor deficit. The multivariate model found a significant correlation between poor mRS score and both an increased preoperative mRS score (t = 3.559, p = 0.001) and absence of preoperative DTI/DTT (t = -2.747, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: DTI/DTT noninvasively allowed for visualization of the anatomical relationship between vital tracts and pathologies as well as facilitated the brainstem surgical approach and entry-point decision making. The technique was valuable for complex neurosurgical planning to reduce morbidity. Nonetheless, DTI/DTT data should be interpreted cautiously.■ CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Type of question: therapeutic; study design: randomized controlled trial; evidence: class I. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01758211 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Long-term P300 in hemispherectomized patients.

BACKGROUND: In the years around 1990, in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University many children with infantile hemiplegia and intractable epilepsy were treated with further modified anatomical hemispherectomy. We report the follow up of the first six cases. To make good use of these precious clinical data and make clear their neuropsychological state, we performed neuropsychological and neurophysiological measurements in these patients, who were at a median of 17.8 years after hemispherectomy. METHODS: Oddball task was given to the patients and to a normal control group to collect the peak latency (PL) and peak amplitude (PA) of event-related potentials (ERPs)-P300. The P300 data of the two groups were analyzed and the P300 patterns of the six patients are presented. The baseline characteristics and long-term follow-up of the six hemispherectomized patients, especially the long-term seizure control and cognitive function after surgery, are described. RESULTS: Five patients had no seizures and one was almost seizure-free during the years after surgery. Clear P300 was obtained from every electrode in the patients. Differences of P300 between patients and normal control group had no statistical significance. And the maximum PA was at the site of electrode Pz or Cz which was consistent with that of the control group and with previous findings. CONCLUSIONS: Further modified anatomical hemispherectomy has preferable long-term antiepileptic effects. The P300 results of the patients mean that the basic cognitive function of the patients has no difference from the control group. This reflects the plasticity of the hemisphere to some extent and increases the affirmation of the long-term curative effects of further modified anatomical hemispherectomy from both neuropsychological and neurophysiological aspects.