RESUMO
Transcription factors OCT4 and NANOG are main constituents of a functional network that controls proliferation and pluripotency maintenance of stem cells as well as early lineage decisions. We investigated expression profiles of OCT4 and NANOG during the early phases of neural differentiation using NT2/D1 cells induced by retinoic acid as an in vitro model system of human neurogenesis. We demonstrated decrease in OCT4 and NANOG mRNA and protein levels following exposure to retinoic acid. Next, by employing chromatin immunoprecipitation, we investigated profiles of selected H3 and H2B histone marks deposited on the promoters of the OCT4 and NANOG genes. We found decline in H3K4me3, H2BK5ac, and H2BK120ac on both promoters, which paralleled the decrease in OCT4 and NANOG expression. Moreover, we found that the H2BK16ac mark is differentially enriched on these two promoters, pointing to differences in epigenetic regulation of OCT4 and NANOG gene expression. Finally, based on our data, we suggest that the early response of pluripotency genes OCT4 and NANOG to the differentiation-inducing stimuli is mediated by dynamic changes in chromatin marks, while DNA methylation is acquired in the later stages of neurogenesis.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Histonas/metabolismo , Proteína Homeobox Nanog/metabolismo , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Epigênese Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Histonas/genética , Humanos , Proteína Homeobox Nanog/genética , Neurogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/genéticaRESUMO
Transcription factor NF-Y belongs to the embryonic stem cell transcription factor circuitry due to its role in the regulation of cell proliferation. We investigated the role of NF-Y in pluripotency maintenance using NT2/D1 cells as one of the best-characterized human embryonal carcinoma cell line. We investigated the efficiency of protein transduction and analyzed the effects of forced expression of short isoform of NF-Y A-subunit (NF-YAs) on NT2/D1 cell growth and expression of SOX2. We found that protein transduction is an efficient method for NF-Y overexpression in NT2/D1 cells. Next, we analyzed the effect of NF-YAs overexpression on NT2/D1 cell viability and detected significant reduction in cell growth. The negative effect of NF-YAs overexpression on NT2/D1 cell pluripotency maintenance was confirmed by the decrease in the level of the pluripotency marker SOX2. Finally, we checked the p53 status and determined that the NF-Y-induced inhibition of NT2/D1 cell growth is p53-independent.
