RESUMO
The relevance of comprehensive studies of the Rapana vital functions is determined by its considerable negative impact on the ecosystem of the Black Sea. The aim of the work was to find out the polymorphism and activity of the main hydrolases in the different parts of the digestive system of Rapana. Hydrolases (proteases, amylases, esterases, lipases and phosphatases) in glandular structures of the Rapana digestive system were studied by electrophoresis. It was found that different sets of hydrolytic enzymes are functioning in certain parts of the Rapana digestive tract. The gland of Leiblein and hepatopancreas played the most important role in the digestion of food components. The salivary glands had the significant influence on proteolysis.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/enzimologia , Gastrópodes/enzimologia , Expressão Gênica , Hepatopâncreas/enzimologia , Espécies Introduzidas , Glândulas Salivares/enzimologia , Amilases/classificação , Amilases/genética , Amilases/metabolismo , Animais , Mar Negro , Ensaios Enzimáticos , Esterases/classificação , Esterases/genética , Esterases/metabolismo , Gastrópodes/genética , Lipase/classificação , Lipase/genética , Lipase/metabolismo , Peptídeo Hidrolases/classificação , Peptídeo Hidrolases/genética , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/classificação , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/genética , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologiaRESUMO
Cultivation of wheat and barley plants under temperature stress fluctuations was the reason of reduction of acid protein common storage in the tissues more than 25% and the reason of reduction of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase common activities. There were no changes of common phenoloxidase activity. Activity redistribution between separate fractions of enzyme spectra were linked with enzyme expression changes. Alteration of peroxidase/oxidase ratio for separate fractions of electrophoretical spectra has been defined as a result of extreme temperature influence over a period of plant growing. At the same time there were no alterations in peroxidase/superoxide reductase fraction ratio in seedlings. The Vrn1-loci did not have a single meaning for expression of investigated oxidoreductases because their influence was determined by the "organism-environment" definite situation. In "normal" growth circumstances there was no correlation between the type of development and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of oxidoreductase spectra. The alteration of definite enzyme izoform degree in forming of plant stress response was different for spring and winter genotypes that testifies dependence of the functional state of the probed enzymes on allelic composition of locus Vrn1.
Assuntos
Grão Comestível/genética , Hordeum/genética , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Peroxidases/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Triticum/genética , Alelos , Grão Comestível/enzimologia , Expressão Gênica , Loci Gênicos , Genótipo , Hordeum/enzimologia , Isoenzimas/genética , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Peroxidases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estações do Ano , Especificidade da Espécie , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Temperatura , Triticum/enzimologiaRESUMO
The present review devoted to the analysis of recent literature on genetic determination and the domain organization of the newly discovered two-component signaling systems in pro- and eukaryotes. These structures are involved in the regulation of numerous morphological and physiological processes in plants. RR-proteins, it the key elements of signaling systems, they launch a cascade of phosphotransferase reactions and directly or indirectly regulate the transcription and activity other proteins, including enzymes, in response to hormones or environmental factors. Modern views on the molecular and genetic mechanisms of photoperiodic response, circadian rhythms and anti-stress responses in plants are set out in these positions. The relationship between gene expression and photoreceptor sensitivity of plants to photoperiod traced. We present our own data obtained on the isogenic lines of wheat, where been showed dependence expression of structural genes of enzymes on the allelic composition of individual PRR-loci and the duration action of low temperature.
Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Triticum/fisiologia , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cromossomos de Plantas , Citocininas/genética , Citocininas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Luz , Fotoperíodo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Comparative estimation of the most widely used indexes of the system diversity has been carried out using model electrophoretic spectra. The basic requirements to the diversity index of electrophoretic spectra are formulated. A formula for the estimation of the level of spectra diversity of multiple forms on the basis of synthesis of the Ashby complication of the system index and the Simpson index is offered.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Isoenzimas/química , Modelos Biológicos , Bryopsida/enzimologia , Eletroforese , Hepatófitas/enzimologia , Peroxidase/química , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
Electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), phenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1), and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) in seedlings of two aegilops species and eleven genotypes of bread winter wheat differing in the level of their resistance to Fusarium infection are presented. Several izoforms of peroxidase, phenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase correlate with the level of resistance to Fusarium. Infection of plants with the pathogen enhances expressiveness of some multiple forms of enzymes. Such response to infection in less pronounced in the sensitive genotypes as compared with that in the resistant ones.
Assuntos
Fusarium/patogenicidade , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Triticum/enzimologia , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/química , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Genótipo , Imunidade Inata , Isoenzimas/química , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/química , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Micoses/metabolismo , Peroxidase/química , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Sementes/enzimologia , Superóxido Dismutase/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Triticum/imunologiaRESUMO
In the review the problems of restoration of genetic coadaptation in some agricultural crops under creation of synthetic genotypes using sexual hybridization and transgenosis are considered. On the basis of the study of multiple molecular forms of the enzymes, the mechanisms of formation of adaptive complexes of genes (ACG) are traced. Cytogenetic mechanisms interfering stabilization of synthetic genotypes are considered.
Assuntos
Grão Comestível/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Engenharia Genética , Seleção Genética , Genótipo , Hibridização Genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
Potato plants of various cultivars, transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens with pGV941 plasmid, differed from control plants in glyphosate herbicide tolerance, tryptophane content, intensity of callusogenesis, microtuber formation in vitro and multimolecular forms of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.11). The results demonstrate the influence of alien DNA on structural gene expression in transgenic plants.
Assuntos
Solanum tuberosum/genética , Transformação Genética , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genética , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Solanum tuberosum/química , Solanum tuberosum/enzimologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Transgenes , Triptofano/análiseRESUMO
The effect of different reagents to colour intensity on PAA gel bands using benzidine was studied. All the investigated reagents were divided into three groups 1) reagents with no effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms colour intensity; 2) those relatively equally decreasing colour intensity; 3) selective effect on visualization of peroxidase molecular forms. Ferulic, ascorbic and indole-3-acetic acids, phloroglucin and hydroquinone are most interesting in our investigation. Use of these reagents allows increasing the differences between electrophoretic pictures during comparative physiological and genetic experiments. Possible mechanisms of the mentioned reagents influence on efficiency of peroxidase benzidine interaction are discussed.
