Analysis and identification of drug similarity through drug side effects and indications data.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of drug similarity has many potential applications for assessing drug therapy similarity, patient similarity, and the success of treatment modalities. To date, a family of computational methods has been employed to predict drug-drug similarity. Here, we announce a computational method for measuring drug-drug similarity based on drug indications and side effects. METHODS: The model was applied for 2997 drugs in the side effects category and 1437 drugs in the indications category. The corresponding binary vectors were built to determine the Drug-drug similarity for each drug. Various similarity measures were conducted to discover drug-drug similarity. RESULTS: Among the examined similarity methods, the Jaccard similarity measure was the best in overall performance results. In total, 5,521,272 potential drug pair's similarities were studied in this research. The offered model was able to predict 3,948,378 potential similarities. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we propose the current method as a robust, simple, and quick approach to identifying drug similarity.

Interoperability of heterogeneous health information systems: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: The lack of interoperability between health information systems reduces the quality of care provided to patients and wastes resources. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop integration mechanisms among the various health information systems. The aim of this review was to investigate the interoperability requirements for heterogeneous health information systems and to summarize and present them. METHODS: In accordance with the PRISMA guideline, a broad electronic search of all literature was conducted on the topic through six databases, including PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Embase to 25 July 2022. The inclusion criteria were to select English-written articles available in full text with the closest objectives. 36 articles were selected for further analysis. RESULTS: Interoperability has been raised in the field of health information systems from 2003 and now it is one of the topics of interest to researchers. The projects done in this field are mostly in the national scope and to achieve the electronic health record. HL7 FHIR, CDA, HIPAA and SNOMED-CT, SOA, RIM, XML, API, JAVA and SQL are among the most important requirements for implementing interoperability. In order to guarantee the concept of data exchange, semantic interaction is the best choice because the systems can recognize and process semantically similar information homogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: The health industry has become more complex and has new needs. Interoperability meets this needs by communicating between the output and input of processor systems and making easier to access the data in the required formats.

An intelligent system for improving adherence to guidelines on acute stroke.

OBJECTIVES: A timely, accurate assessment and decision-making process is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute stroke, which is the world's third leading cause of death. This process is often performed using the traditional method that increases the complexity, duration, and medical errors. The present study aimed to design and evaluate an intelligent system for improving adherence to the guidelines on the assessment and treatment of acute stroke patients. METHODS: Decision-making rules and data elements were used to predict the severity and to treat patients according to the specialists' opinions and guidelines. A system was then developed based on the intelligent decision-making algorithms. The system was finally evaluated by measuring the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, applicability, performance, esthetics, information quality, and completeness and rates of medical errors. The segmented regression model was used to evaluate the effect of systems on the level and the trend of guideline adherence for the assessment and treatment of acute stroke. RESULTS: Fifty-three data elements were identified and used in the data collection and comprehensive decision-making rules. The rules were organized in a decision tree. In our analysis, 150 patients were included. The system accuracy was 98.30%. Evaluation results indicated an error rate of 1.69% by traditional methods. Documentation quality (completeness) increased from 78.66% to 100%. The average score of system quality was 4.60 indicating an acceptable range. After the system intervention, the mean of the adherence to the guideline significantly increased from 65% to 99.5% (P < 0.0008). CONCLUSION: The designed system was accurate and can improve adherence to the guideline for the severity assessment and the determination of a therapeutic trend for acute stroke patients. It leads to physicians' empowerment, significantly reduces medical errors, and improves the documentation quality.