Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol use in elite-level Olympic-style weightlifters: a survey study.

BACKGROUND: Although the high prevalence of analgesic use in various sports disciplines is well-known, it has not been reported among Olympic-style weightlifters yet. We aimed to determine the frequency of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol use in elite-level Olympic-style weightlifters, the weightlifters' attitudes towards NSAIDs and paracetamol use, and the total daily, weekly and monthly doses of NSAIDs and paracetamol. METHODS: A total of 166 (46 female, 120 male) Olympic-style weightlifters enrolled for this study. Data was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire distributed during national championships. The Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society-NSAID equivalent score, total doses of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol were calculated daily, weekly, and monthly. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 18.9±4.7 years. Only 11.4% of athletes stated that they used the drug only when the physician prescribed it. More than half of the athletes (57.2%) stated that they used at least one of the analgesics the day before the competition day. The most common form reported by the athletes was the concomitant use of medications (31.3%). The mean total acetylsalicylic acid, NSAID and paracetamol doses of 95 athletes using analgesics were daily: 500.0±95.0 mg/105.0±71.4 mg/555.6±160.1 mg, weekly: 1166.0±899.4 mg/145.2±176.6 mg/1166.7±892.8 mg, and monthly: 3461.1±4940.7 mg/201.5±274.0 mg/2750.0±3841.9 mg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication use among the elite-level Olympic-style weightlifters is very high.

Trabecular bone score of postmenopausal women is positively correlated with bone mineral density and negatively correlated with age and body mass index.

OBJECTIVE: Trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect evaluation of skeletal microarchitecture, is calculated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study aimed to determine the mean TBS values in healthy postmenopausal women and overall association between TBS and demographic features, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and BMD to body mass index (BMI) ratio of the lumbar spine. METHODS: Fifty-three postmenopausal healthy women were enrolled. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by DXA. Anteroposterior lumbar spine acquisitions were used to calculate the TBS for L1 to L4. RESULTS: The mean BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was 0.945 ±â€Š0.133 and 0.785 ±â€Š0.112 g/cm, respectively. The mean TBS was 1.354 ±â€Š0.107. There was a significant positive moderate correlation between TBS and total lumbar BMD to BMI ratio (r = 0.595, P < 0.001), and significant positive weak correlations between TBS and BMD of the lumbar spine (r = 0.347, P = 0.011) as well as between TBS and femoral neck (r = 0.305, P = 0.026), whereas significant negative moderate correlations were observed between TBS and age (r = -0.393, P = 0.004) as well as between TBS and BMI (r = -0.333, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: TBS values of postmenopausal women were negatively correlated with age and BMI, and positively with BMD and BMD to BMI ratio.