A METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PERSONS DRIVING HIGH-SPEED VEHICLES.

Recently, due to the emergence of a variety of modifications of air, land, water vehicles and an increase in their speed and maneuverability, the number of people with severe manifestations of motion sickness has also increased. The relevance of this problem is dictated by the fact that, despite significant achievements in the field of preventive medicine, a significant number of people prone to motion sickness have been observed to date. Thus, among persons using land modes of transport, the percentage of sick people reaches 15.0%, air modes 20.0%, while using water modes of transport, the number of sick people reaches 30.0%. The significance of this problem is dictated by the fact that the psycho-physiological capabilities of our body do not keep pace with the rapidly increasing speed-maneuvering characteristics of vehicles.

[Using NO-synthase inhibitors derived from L-arginine for preventing acute experimental lung edema development in mice].

The preventive and curative action of NO-synthase inhibitors derived from L-arginine was investigated on the model of toxic lung edema induced by phosgene (LCt50 - 84) in mice. The most pronounced decrease in the phosgene-induced lung edema was observed for aminoguanidine, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Aminoguanidine was effective in cases of both preventive and curative administration. L-NNA, an inhibitor of the constitutive isoform of NO-synthase, was effective only after preventive injection, while L-NAME, an inhibitor of both inducible and constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase, was effective only after curative use. Therefore, the NO-synthase inhibitors are a promising group of pharmacological agents for the treatment of toxic lung edema induced by phosgene.

[Antiedematous effect of diphenyliodinium salts on experimental toxic lung edema].

A series of diphenyliodinium (DPI) salts (chloride, sulfate, acetate and iodide) were synthesized and studied as preventive and therapeutic agents in the model toxic lung edema induced by thiourea and phosgene in rats. All DPI salts exhibited high antiedematous activity. The preventive action of drugs was more effective than their curative effect. The duration of the antiedematous action of DPI iodide exceeded 24 h. The effective dose of DPI salts in the toxic lung edema was within 0.2-0.5 LD50.

Protective effect of thiazolo[5,4-b]indole in toxic pulmonary edema.

Antiedematous activity of new thiazolo[5,4-b]indole derivatives containing a fragment of isothiourea and characterized by higher antihypoxic activity compared to known antihypoxants was studied on a model of toxic edema of the lungs in mice. Compounds exhibiting high activity on two models of hypoxia (hypobaric and hemic) better protected from lung edema than compounds active only in hypobaric hypoxia.

[Antioxidant system of the rat brain in toxic lung edema]. / Sostoianie antioksidantnoi sistemy mozga krys pri toksicheskom oteke legkikh.

The state of enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of antioxidant system and also lipid peroxidation processes were studied in brain of rats with toxic pulmonary edema induced by inhalation of nitric oxides. The changes in the state of antioxidant system components in brain accompanied the development of toxic pulmonary edema. The main changes were found in nonenzymatic components of the antioxidant system, particularly in thiol and disulfide groups. Lipid peroxidation processes were not activated during the toxic pulmonary edema.

[Antihypoxic and antiedemic activity of new condensed indole derivatives]. / Antigipoksicheskaia i protivootechnaia aktivnost' novykh kondensirovannykh proizvodnykh indola.

The antihypoxic and antiedemic activity of a series of new indole derivatives and condensed systems, including pyrimido-, thiazolo-, and triazinoindoles, was studied on the hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia ad toxic lung edema models. Several thiazoloindole and formylindole derivatives prevented the loss of experimental animals under hypoxia conditions and significantly reduced the toxic lung edema development. The pharmacological activity of these compounds was comparable with or exceeded that of the standard antihypoxic and antiedemic drugs.

[The action of a new taurine derivative in different variants of hypoxic states]. / Deistvie novogo proizvodnogo taurina pri razlichnykh variantakh gipoksicheskikh sostoianii.

A new N-phenylalkyl derivative of taurin was tested. The results show that this compound exhibits a pronounced general antihypoxant activity and is capable of increasing the stability of heart with respect to hypoxia and anoxia, protecting heart against the ischemic damage, and facilitating the adaptation capacity of myocardium.

[Status of the blood and lung antioxidant system of the rat in toxic pulmonary edema]. / Sostoianie antioksidantnoi krovi i legkikh krys pri toksicheskom oteke legkikh.

The state of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant system and also lipid peroxidation processes in blood and lungs of rats with toxic pulmonary edema induced by inhalation of nitric oxides were investigated. The changes in the state of blood and lung antioxidant system components accompany the development of toxic pulmonary edema and coincide in time-course of edema manifestation. The determined changes were more pronounced in blood than in lungs.

[Use of the novel taurine derivative for prevention of changes in the systemic hemodynamics induced by electric stimulation of the rabbit aorta]. / Ispol'zovanie novogo proizvodnogo taurina dlia preduprezhdeniia izmenenii sistemnoi gemodinamiki, vyzvannykh élektrostimuliatsiei aorty u krolikov.

The influence of a new taurine derivative on hemodynamic changes induced by electrostimulation of an aortic reflexogenic zone was studied. It is shown that 3-hour electrostimulation increased total peripheral resistance and decreased cardiac output and aortic pressure. Intravenous infusion of the taurine derivative during electrostimulation normalized abnormal hemodynamic characteristics.

[The effect of a new phenylalkyl taurine derivative on the size of the necrotic area in experimental myocardial infarct in rats]. / Vliianie novogo fenilalkil'nogo proizvodnogo taurina na razmer zony nekroza pri éksperimental'nom infarkte miokarda u krys.

The study of an anti-ischemic action of a new phenilalkyl taurin derivative TAU-60 has discovered that this drug attenuates ECG signs of myocardial infarction and reduces the size of necrosis zone on the anterior wall of the left ventricular myocardium in rats with experimental myocardial infarction.

[The role of the muscarinic, adenosine and adrenoreceptors of the heart in the development of postischemic reperfusion ventricular fibrillation]. / Rol' muskarinovykh, adenozinovykh i adrenoretseptorov serdtsa v razvitii postishemicheskoi reperfuzionnoi fibrilliatsii zheludochkov.

The authors studied the effect of m-cholino-, adreno-, and purinotropic agents on the development of postischemic reperfusion fibrillation of isolated rat hearts. Pilocarpine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and adenosine caused a proarrhythmogenic effect. Atropine, trimedoxim, prazosin, and chloroquine made fibrillation less expressed. A direct correlation was found between the arrhythmogenic effect of reperfusion and the size of the no-reflow zone, with the use of the drugs too. It is concluded that the phospholipid mechanism contributes to realization of the arrhythmogenic effect of reperfusion and vascular disorders, leading to the occurrence of the no-reflow phenomenon.

[A change in the composition of cardiac membrane phospholipids in the process of nonspecific myocardial adaptation]. / Izmenenie sostava membrannykh fosfolipidov serdtsa v protsesse nespetsificheskoi adaptatsii miokarda.

The content and composition of cardiac phospholipids (PL) were investigated under the action of a new neuroactive inhibitory amino acid designed on the molecular basis. I.p. injection of the drug in rats was shown to cause no changes in PL levels and to alter the composition of metabolically important PL fractions (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine). These changes may be involved in the nonspecific adaptation of the heart to damaging exposures and in the cardioprotective action of substances, such as antihypoxants.

[Cardiac phospholipids in the dynamics of experimental myocardial infarct in rats]. / Fosfolipidy serdtsa v dinamike éksperimental'nogo infarkta miokarda u krys.

The study was undertaken to examine the cardiac levels and composition of phospholipids (PL) in the time course of rat experimental myocardial infarction (EMI) caused by the Selye procedure. The course of EMI was shown to be accompanied by a rise in the total levels of PH in the cardiomyocytic membranes, which was observed 1 hour and 14 days after the occurrence of EMI. Analyzing the composition of individual PL demonstrated higher concentrations of the minor PL phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as differently directed changes in the content of massive PL: lower concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine and higher levels of phosphatidylcholine. The pattern of the found changes altered in relation to the duration of EMI. By and large, the revealed changes reflect the processes of transbilayer redistribution of PL, alterations in their physicochemical properties and in the rate of lipid peroxidation occurring in the membranes.

[Cardioprotective effect of taurine]. / Kardioprotektornoe deistvie taurina.

The review analyses data which had been accumulated in the recent years on the pharmacological properties of the inhibiting amino acid taurine concerning its cardiotropic action. The results of experimental and clinical studies of the beneficial effect of this compound on pathologically changed function of the heart are shown, and the mechanisms of this effect both on the cellular and systemic level are discussed.