Aortic thrombosis and acute kidney injury due to atherosclerosis in a dog.

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Due to its cardiovascular ischemic complications, it is one of the most common causes of death in people. However, atherosclerosis is seldomly reported in dogs. ANIMAL: A 10-year-old male mixed-breed dog. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES: Severe acute kidney injury associated with thrombosis of the abdominal aorta. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Treatment included renal replacement therapy, antithrombotic therapy, and supportive care. However, the dog developed neurological and respiratory complications and was euthanized due to worsening kidney function and lack of improvement of the thrombosis. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of aortic thromboembolism and renal infarcts. Histology revealed severe chronic-active atherosclerosis of the distal aorta and renal arteries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aortic thrombosis is uncommon in dogs, and it is often associated with underlying conditions such as protein-losing nephropathy, endocrine disorders, cardiac disease, or hypercoagulability. In this case, no specific underlying cause was identified and atherosclerosis was considered the primary cause of the thrombosis.