RESUMO
Ramos et al. paper offers a narrative review of Spanish Organic Law 3/2021, which regulates euthanasia, focusing on its application to individuals with mental disorders. Ramos et al. examine the application of legal prerequisites from an ethical-legal perspective to ascertain the conditions under which psychiatric euthanasia might be considered legitimate and compliant with legal stipulations. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the core ethical inquiries linked to this matter have not been exhaustively investigated. The criteria laid out are, in our assessment, still open to further debate and broader deliberation. Our article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive ethical and legal debate in Spain regarding psychiatric euthanasia. Competency assessment is central to the legislation, but there are concerns about the validity of assessment tools and the subjective nature of interviews. Furthermore, defining irreversible suffering in mental health contexts poses challenges. The article advocates for a deeper understanding of the needs of individuals with mental disorders before considering euthanasia and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care and psychosocial interventions in reducing the desire for euthanasia. Ultimately, it underscores the ethical complexities of euthanasia in mental health and the necessity of prioritizing comprehensive care in addressing these complexities.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Suicídio Assistido , Humanos , Espanha , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Suicídio Assistido/legislação & jurisprudência , Suicídio Assistido/ética , Competência Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas Mentalmente Doentes/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas Mentalmente Doentes/psicologiaRESUMO
Important advances in genetics research have been made in recent years. Such advances have facilitated the availability of huge amounts of genetic information that could potentially be reused beyond the original purpose for which such information was obtained. Any such reuse must meet certain ethical criteria to ensure that the dignity, integrity, and autonomy of the individual from whom that information was obtained are protected. The aim of this paper is to reflect on these criteria through a critical analysis of the literature. To guarantee these values, ethical criteria need to be established in several respects. For instance, the question must be posed whether the information requires special attention and protection (so-called genetic exceptionalism). Another aspect to bear in mind is the most appropriate type of consent to be given by the person involved, on the one hand favouring research and the reuse of genetic information while on the other protecting the autonomy of that person. Finally, there is a need to determine what protection such reuse should have in order to avoid detrimental consequences and protect the rights of the individual. The main conclusions are that genetic information requires special care and protection (genetic exceptionalism) and that broad consent is the most practical and trustworthy type of consent for the reuse of genetic information.
Assuntos
Privacidade Genética , Testes Genéticos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , HumanosRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Erros Médicos/ética , Erros Médicos/legislação & jurisprudência , Comunicação em Saúde/ética , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Administração da Prática Médica/éticaRESUMO
Palliative care must be early applied to all types of advanced chronic and life limited prognosis patients, present in all health and social services. Patients' early identification and registry allows introducing palliative care gradually concomitant with other measures. Patients undergo a systematic and integrated care process, meant to improve their life quality, which includes multidimensional assessment of their needs, recognition of their values and preferences for advance care planning purposes, treatments review, family care, and case management. Leaded by the National Department of Health, a program for the early identification of these patients has been implemented in Catalonia (Spain). Although the overall benefits expected, the program has raised some ethical issues. In order to address these challenges, diverse institutions, including bioethics and ethics committees, have elaborated a proposal for the program's advantages. This paper describes the process of evaluation, elaboration of recommendations, and actions done in Catalonia.
Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados/ética , Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados/organização & administração , Doença Crônica/terapia , Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/ética , Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/organização & administração , Cuidados Paliativos/ética , Cuidados Paliativos/organização & administração , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/legislação & jurisprudência , Autonomia Pessoal , Privacidade , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/ética , Cuidados para Prolongar a Vida/ética , Equidade no Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde , Suspensão de Tratamento/ética , Sintomas Afetivos/terapia , Legislação como AssuntoRESUMO
No disponible
