RESUMO
A new chelating sorbent which employs magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridil)methylene thiocarbohydrazide (DPTH-MNPs) was synthetized and characterized. The aim of the synthesis of this material was to develop fast and simple methods for analysis of trace amounts of metal ions present in biological and environmental samples combining on-line magnetic solid phase microextraction (MSPME) with atomic spectrometry. The MNPs' magnetic core allows overcoming the backpressure problems that usually happen in SPME methods with NPs thanks to the possibility of immobilizing the MNPs by applying an external magnetic field. Thus, a flow injection FI-MSPME/cold vapor generation system coupled to an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (CV-ETAAS) method for the determination of trace amounts of Hg in biological and sea-water samples was developed. A magnet based reactor designed to contain DPTH-MNPs was placed in the injection valve of the FI manifold. Several chemical and flow variables were considered as factors in the optimization process using central composite designs. With the optimized procedure, the detection limit obtained was 7.8ngL(-1) with a precision of 1.7% (RSD) (1.0µgL(-1) Hg). The linear range of the method was studied, and two sections of linear calibration were obtained: from determination limit (0.099µgL(-1)) to 10µgL(-1), and from 10µgL(-1) to at least 50µgL(-1). A preconcentration factor of 5.4 was calculated. The accuracy of the proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing three certified reference materials and by determining the analyte content in spiked sea-water samples. The determined values were in good agreement with the certified values and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 97.0-107.0%.
Assuntos
Extração em Fase Sólida , Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Mercúrio , Sistemas On-Line , Água do Mar , Espectrofotometria AtômicaRESUMO
La atencioÌn integral de la persona comprende las necesidades fiÌsicas, psicoloÌgicas, sociales y espirituales de los pacientes. La espiritualidad en los pacientes no suele ser evaluada en forma rutinaria por el personal de salud. Objetivo Determinar la espiritualidad y religiosidad del personal de salud y los pacientes en dos hospitales puÌblicos de Ecuador. DisenÌo Transversal. Lugar y sujetos Profesionales en medicina, enfermeriÌa y terapia fiÌsica, estudiantes (internos rotativos y externos) y pacientes (hospitalizados y de con- sulta externa), del Hospital Pablo Arturo SuaÌrez de Quito y Hospital General de Latacunga. Mediciones principales Encuesta de datos demograÌficos, espirituales y religiosos. AplicacioÌn de la escala de evaluacioÌn espiritual, el iÌndice de religiosidad de Duke y el iÌndice de religiosidad de Kasl. Resultados Se encuestoÌ a 186 pacientes (40% hombres) atendidos por problemas cliÌnicos agudos (47.8%), cliÌnicos croÌnicos (19.9%) y quiruÌrgicos (32.3%). Del personal de salud participaron 80 sujetos (meÌdicos [35%], enfermeras [12.75%], fisioterapistas [6.5%] y estudiantes [45%]). Casi el 100% de los pacientes teniÌan una religioÌn, 93% consideraba que su fe le ayudariÌa a recuperar el estado de salud, 75.3% quisiera que el personal de salud se preocupe por sus inquietudes espirituales, pero 77.4% manifestaron que no abordan temas espirituales con ellos. El 81.3% del personal de salud profesaba alguna religioÌn y 57.6% reconocioÌ como importante abordar la espiritualidad en la atencioÌn de los pacientes, pero el 75% no se sentiÌa capacitado para abordar esos temas en la praÌctica. En las escalas el grado de espiritualidad (4.46 vs. 3.43 puntos) y el nivel de religiosidad (3.58 vs. 2.93 puntos) fueron mayores en los pacientes. Tanto los pacientes como el personal de salud mostraron una similar valoracioÌn de Dios o la religioÌn como fuente de fuerza y consuelo para ellos (3.3 vs. 3.1 puntos). Conclusiones Los hallazgos del presente estudio resaltan la importancia de que el personal de salud debe estar preparado para abordar y evaluar la espiritualidad y las creencias religiosas de los pacientes, a fin de ayudarles como en cualquier otra dolencia fiÌsica o psicoloÌgica.
Comprehensive care of the person includes physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of the patient. Spirituality in patients is not routinely evaluated by health personnel. Objective Determine spirituality and religiosity of health personnel and their patients in two Ecuadorian public hospitals. Design Cross sectional study. Subjects and setting A group of physicians, nurses, physiotherapist, students, and another of inpatients and outpatients from Pablo Arturo Suarez hospital of Quito and General Hospital of Latacunga. Main measurements Demographic, spiritual and religious data were collected. We used the spirituality scale, the Duke religious index and the Kasl religiosity index. Results 186 patients (40% men) admitted for an acute (47.8%), chronic (19.9%) and surgical (32.3%) illness were surveyed. Health personnel were 80 subjects (physicians [35%], nurses [12.75%], physiotherapists [6.5%] and students [45%]). Almost 100% of patients had a religion, 93% felt that their faith would help him regain health, 75.3% want that health personnel be worried about their spiritual concerns, but 77.4% said they do not address spiritual issues with them. 81.3% of health personnel had a religion and 57.6% recognized as important to address spirituality in patient care, but 75% did not feel qualified to address these issues in medical practice. On the scales the level of spirituality (4.46 vs. 3.43 points) and level of religiosity (3.58 vs. 2.93 points) were higher in patients. Both patients and health personnel showed a similar assessment of God or religion as a source of strength and comfort for them (3.3 vs. 3.1 points). Conclusion The findings of this study highlight the importance that health personnel should be prepared to address and assess spirituality and religious beliefs of their patients, in order to assist subjects as in any physical or psychological problem.
Assuntos
Humanos , Religião e Medicina , Pessoal de Saúde , Espiritualidade , Pacientes , Equador , HospitaisRESUMO
An automated flow analysis method with on-line column pre-concentration/ inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of Pt, Pd and Ir in environmental samples. The system is based on retention of the analytes onto a column filled with 1,5-bis (2-pyridyl)-3-sulphophenyl methylene thiocarbonohydrazide immobilized on an aminopropyl-controlled pore glass (PSTH-cpg) placed in the injection valve of a simple flow manifold. The retained platinum group metals (PGMs) were subsequently eluted with a mixture of HNO(3) and thiourea. The effects of chemicals and flow variables were investigated. The optimized operating conditions were: sample pH 3.2, sample flow rate: 1.1 mL min(-1); eluent flow rate: 2.1 mL min(-1) and eluent 0.03% m/v thiourea solution in 3.2% (v/v) HNO(3). The detection limits obtained were 78.5 ng L(-1) for Pt, 55.5 ng L(-1) for Pd and 0.1 ng L(-1) for Ir. The enrichment factors were 18, 2.3 and 43 for Pt, Pd and Ir, respectively. The accuracy of the method was checked by the analysis of certified reference materials and by determining the analytes content in spiked environmental samples. Recovery was found to be in the range 93-107% in all cases.
RESUMO
La dificultad para encontrar las palabras en una conversación y expresar lo que se piensa, así como la pérdida del conocimiento en la escritura de las palabras y su significado en presencia de un habla fluida; se evidencia en este estudio de caso; en una mujer de 62 años, con estudios en comercio y secretariado bilingüe, quien previamente a sus dificultades, se desempeñó como secretaria de alta gerencia con sobresalientes habilidades lingüísticas y en su escritura tipo palmer. Ha presentado una progresión gradual de sus déficits, evolucionando hacia un perfil de deterioro global cognoscitivo, específicamente de sus habilidades del lenguaje, déficit de memoria explicita verbal y semántica, alteración en el cálculo, disortografía, agrafia y disfunción ejecutiva, con parcial limitación para desempeñarse funcionalmente en las actividades de la vida diaria. Con la presentación de este caso, se encuentra un cuadro clínico inicial de afectación del sistema semántico y de la representación mental de las palabras, siendo congruente con una demencia semántica. Se presenta el papel fundamental de la evaluación neuropsicológica y la elaboración de la historia clínica, para efectuar un diagnóstico clínico diferencial entre las demencias degenerativas primarias como la enfermedad de Alzheimer y las variantes de las demencias frontotemporales.
The difficulty of finding words in a conversation and express what we think, and unconsciousness in the writing of words and their meaning in the presence of fluent speech, is evident in this study case, a woman of 62 years, with studies in business and bilingual secretary, who prior to his difficulties, she served as secretary of senior management with outstanding language skills and writing Palm OS. He has presented a gradual progression of their deficits, evolving towards a profile of global cognitive impairment, specifically their language skills, verbal explicit memory deficit and semantic change in the calculation, dysorthography, agraphia and executive dysfunction, with partial limitation to perform functionally in activities of daily living. By presenting this case, is a clinical initial involvement of the semantic system and the mental representation of words, being consistent with a semantic dementia. We report the role of neuropsychological assessment and the development of clinical history, to conduct a clinical differential diagnosis between primary degenerative dementia's such as Alzheimer's disease and variants of frontotemporal dementia.
Assuntos
Afasia de Broca , Diagnóstico Clínico , Demência , Demência Frontotemporal , Transtornos da Memória , Atividades Cotidianas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Relatório de Pesquisa , Doença de Alzheimer , MemóriaRESUMO
Los tumores de la nariz y de los senos paranasales no son comunes. Constituyen el 0.2% de todas las neoplasias humanas y solo el 3% de los tumores malignos del tracto respiratorio superior, la sospecha clínica debe tenerse ante un paciente con sintomatología de larga evolución caracterizada por síntomas de obstrucción nasal o sinusitis quienes deben ser candidatos a biopsia amplia y estudio histopatológico minucioso. Presentamos un caso de linfoma angiocéntrico de células T (antes conocidas como granuloma letal de la línea media) diagnosticado en un paciente de 40 años de edad que acudió a la consulta externa del HVQ, con sintomatología de obstrucción nasal de larga evolución.
Tumors of the nose and sinuses are not common. They constitute 0.2% of all human neoplasms and only 3% of malignant tumors of the upper respiratory tract, clinical suspicion should be taken in a patient with long-standing symptoms characterized by symptoms of nasal obstruction or sinusitis who should be candidates for biopsy. comprehensive and detailed histopathological study. We present a case of angiocentric T-cell lymphoma (formerly known as lethal midline granuloma) diagnosed in a 40-year-old patient who attended the HVQ outpatient clinic, with symptoms of long-standing nasal obstruction.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Obstrução Nasal , Granuloma Letal da Linha Média , Neoplasias Nasais , Seios Paranasais , LinfomaRESUMO
This paper reports the development of a new methodology for the determination of cobalt in biological samples by using a flow injection system with loaded DPTH-gel as solid phase to preconcentrate analytes. The procedure is based on the on-line preconcentration of cobalt on a microcolumn of 1,5-bis(di-2-pyridyl)methylene thiocarbohydrazide immobilized on silica gel (DPTH-gel). The trapped cobalt is then eluted with 1% tartaric acid and 1% citric acid (7.1 mL) and determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The analytical figures of merit for the determination of cobalt are as follows: detection limit (3S), 8.5 ng mL(-1); precision (RSD), 5.8% for 100 ng mL(-1) of cobalt; enrichment factor, 13 (using 7.3 mL of sample); sampling frequency, 40 h(-1) using a 60-s preconcentration time. For a 120-s preconcentration time (14.6 mL of sample volume) a detection limit of 5.7 ng mL(-1), an RSD under 5% at 50 ng mL(-1), an enrichment factor of 25, and a sampling frequency of 24 h(-1) were reported. The precision and accuracy of the method were checked by analysis of biological certified reference materials.
