Technological and Nutritional Aspects of Bread Production: An Overview of Current Status and Future Challenges.

Bakery products, especially bread, exist in many homes worldwide. One of the main reasons for its high consumption is that the main raw material is wheat, a cereal that can adapt to a wide variety of soils and climates. However, the nutritional quality of this raw material decreases during its industrial processing, decreasing the value of fibers, proteins, and minerals. Therefore, bread has become a product of high interest to increase its nutritional value. Due to the high consumption of bread, this paper provides a general description of the physicochemical and rheological changes of the dough, as well as the sensory properties of bread by incorporating alternative flours such as beans, lentils, and soy (among others). The reviewed data show that alternative flours can improve fiber, macro, and micronutrient content. The high fiber content reduces the quality of the texture of the products. However, new processing steps or cooking protocols, namely flour proportions, temperature, cooking, and fermentation time, can allow adjusting production variables and optimization to potentially overcome the decrease in sensory quality and preserve consumer acceptance.

Viability of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Encapsulated by Ionic Gelation during Refractance Window® Drying of a Strawberry Snack.

The selection of appropriate probiotic strains is vital for their successful inclusion in foods. These strains must withstand processing to reach consumers with ≥106 CFU/g, ensuring effective probiotic function. Achieving this in commercial products is challenging due to sensitivity to temperature during processing. In this work, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 was microencapsulated by ionic gelation (with alginate or pectin) followed by polymeric coating (with whey protein concentrate or chitosan). Then, such microcapsules were incorporated into a strawberry puree, which was subsequently dehydrated at three temperatures (40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C) by Refractance Window®. The ultimate aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods from a technological point of view. Kinetic curves of the probiotic's viability showed a high cell loading (>109 CFU/g). Additionally, an average encapsulation efficiency of 91% and a particle size of roughly 200 µm were found. A decrease in the viability of the microorganism was observed as drying temperature and time increased. As a demonstration of the above, in a particular case, drying at 45 °C and 50 °C, viable cells were found up to 165 min and 90 min, respectively; meanwhile, drying at 40 °C, viable cells were reported even after 240 min. The greatest viability preservation was achieved with Refractance Window® drying at 40 °C for 240 min when microcapsules coated with whey protein concentrate were incorporated into puree; this procedure showed great potential to produce dehydrated strawberry snacks with moisture (15%), water activity (aw < 0.6), and viability (≥106 CFU/g) suitable for functional foods. The membrane-stabilizing properties of whey protein concentrate could prevent cell damage. In contrast, probiotics in chitosan-coated capsules showed reduced viability, potentially due to antimicrobial properties and the formation of cracks. These findings signify a breakthrough in the production of dehydrated snacks with the addition of probiotics, addressing challenges in preserving the viability of these probiotics during processing; thus, opening the possibility for the development of a probiotic strawberry snack.

Molecular Bases of Protein Antigenicity and Determinants of Immunogenicity, Anergy, and Mitogenicity.

BACKGROUND: The immune system is able to recognize substances that originate from inside or outside the body and are potentially harmful. Foreign substances that bind to immune system components exhibit antigenicity and are defined as antigens. The antigens exhibiting immunogenicity can induce innate or adaptive immune responses and give rise to humoral or cell-mediated immunity. The antigens exhibiting mitogenicity can cross-link cell membrane receptors on B and T lymphocytes leading to cell proliferation. All antigens vary greatly in physicochemical features such as biochemical nature, structural complexity, molecular size, foreignness, solubility, and so on. OBJECTIVE: Thus, this review aims to describe the molecular bases of protein-antigenicity and those molecular bases that lead to an immune response, lymphocyte proliferation, or unresponsiveness. CONCLUSION: The epitopes of an antigen are located in surface areas; they are about 880-3,300 Da in size. They are protein, carbohydrate, or lipid in nature. Soluble antigens are smaller than 1 nm and are endocytosed less efficiently than particulate antigens. The more the structural complexity of an antigen increases, the more the antigenicity increases due to the number and variety of epitopes. The smallest immunogens are about 4,000-10,000 Da in size. The more phylogenetically distant immunogens are from the immunogen-recipient, the more immunogenicity increases. Antigens that are immunogens can trigger an innate or adaptive immune response. The innate response is induced by antigens that are pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Exogenous antigens, T Dependent or T Independent, induce humoral immunogenicity. TD protein-antigens require two epitopes, one sequential and one conformational to induce antibodies, whereas, TI non-protein-antigens require only one conformational epitope to induce low-affinity antibodies. Endogenous protein antigens require only one sequential epitope to induce cell-mediated immunogenicity.

Medicinal plants used by rural communities in the arid zone of Viesca and Parras Coahuila in northeast Mexico.

This study is the first record of medicinal plants in the southwest of the Coahuila state, an arid zone where extreme dry conditions prevail. One hundred twenty-two residents (in sixteen communities) were interviewed. The residents were questioned with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedical survey protocol about the various plants used. Seventy-seven species of medicinal plants belonging to 36 botanical families were cited. The highest use-value (UV) was calculated for Lippia graveolens Kunth (0.30); Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (0.20); Eucalyptus abdita Brooker & Hopper, Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. (0.16); Mentha spicata L. (0.15) and Salvia officinalis L. (0.10). Informant consensus factor (ICF) about usages of medicinal plants ranges from 0.41 to 0.80; the highest level of agreement was determined between the informants and Respiratory System Diseases (0.80). The highest fidelity level (FL) values (100%) were identified in Flourensia cernua DC., Artisia ludoviciana Nutt., and Parthenium incanum Kunth to Gastro-intestinal System Diseases; Eucalyptus abdita Brooker & Hopper, Bougainvillea berberidifolia Heimerl, and Lippia graveolens Kunth to Respiratory System Diseases (RSD) and Cyclolepis genistoides D.Don and Ephedra antisyphilitica Berland. ex C.A.Mey. to Obstetrics, Gynecology and Urinary tract Diseases. These last two medicinal plant species ("palo azul" and "pitoreal") used by the rural communities in Viesca in the treatment of urinary tract infections and kidney stones have not been reported previously. These findings can provide new research directions for further phytochemical studies. The present study revealed that the residents are rich in ethno-medicinal knowledge and actively use medicinal plants to treat various diseases. New phytochemical and pharmacological research are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential and safety of the identified plants.

Insects, Plants, and Microorganisms from Dry Lands as Novel Sources of Proteins and Peptides for Human Consumption.

Protein malnutrition is present in developing countries but also in developed ones due to actual eating habits involving insufficient protein intake. In addition to this, it is estimated by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations that the world's population will increase to 9.1 billion people in less than 30 years. This poses a significant challenge in terms of nourishing the population. Different strategies have been proposed to address this challenge, including exploring novel protein sources such as plants. For instance, Prosopis alba pods have an 85.5% protein content. Other examples are microorganisms, such as Halobacillus adaensis which produces 571 U/mL of protease, and insects such as those belonging to the Orthoptera order, like grasshoppers, which have a protein content of 65.96%. These sources have been found in dry lands and are being explored to address this challenge.

Antioxidant Dietary Fiber Sourced from Agroindustrial Byproducts and Its Applications.

Agroindustrial activities generate various residues or byproducts which are inefficiently utilized, impacting the environment and increasing production costs. These byproducts contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including dietary fiber with associated phenolic compounds, known as antioxidant dietary fiber (ADF). Phenolic compounds are related to the prevention of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism of ADF depends on its chemical structure and the interactions between the dietary fiber and associated phenolic compounds. This work describes ADF, the main byproducts considered sources of ADF, its mechanisms of action, and its potential use in the formulation of foods destined for human consumption. ADF responds to the demand for low-cost, functional ingredients with great health benefits. A higher intake of antioxidant dietary fiber contributes to reducing the risk of diseases such as type II diabetes, colon cancer, obesity, and kidney stones, and has bile-acid retention-excretion, gastrointestinal laxative, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, prebiotic, and cardioprotective effects. ADF is a functional, sustainable, and profitable ingredient with different applications in agroindustry; its use can improve the technofunctional and nutritional properties of food, helping to close the cycle following the premise of the circular economy.

Quality of Physalis peruviana fruits coated with pectin and pectin reinforced with nanocellulose from P. peruviana calyces.

Physalis peruviana is marketed without its calyx, which generates byproducts and a decrease in the shelf life of these fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible pectin-coatings reinforced with nanocellulose from calyx on the physical-chemical and physiological parameters of P. peruviana fruits during refrigerated storage (5 °C) for ten days. The nanocellulose extraction was carried out using a combined extraction method (chemical procedures and ultrasound radiation). The characterization of the fibers showed that the maximum degradation temperatures ranged between 300 and 311 °C. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of fibers after the chemical treatment. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose was validated using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the fruits treated with pectin and pectin reinforced with nanocellulose at 0.5 % (w/w) had an adequate visual appearance and showed a minor color change (ΔE of 19.04 and 21.04, respectively) and the highest retention of L∗ during storage. Although the addition of nanocellulose at 0.5% presented the lowest respiratory rate (29.60 mgCO2/kg h), the treatment with pectin offered the least weight loss and showed the highest firmness retention at the end of storage. Thus, the edible pectin-coating may be useful for improving the postharvest quality and storage life of fresh P. peruviana fruit. Nanocellulose from P. peruviana calyces can be used under the concept of a circular economy; although, its use as a reinforcement of pectin showed some limitations.

Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) as Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Review.

Lippia graveolens is a traditional crop and a rich source of bioactive compounds with various properties (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, UV defense, anti-glycemic, and cytotoxicity) that is primarily cultivated for essential oil recovery. The isolated bioactive compounds could be useful as additives in the functional food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Carvacrol, thymol, ß-caryophyllene, and p-cymene are terpene compounds contained in oregano essential oil (OEO); flavonoids such as quercetin O-hexoside, pinocembrin, and galangin are flavonoids found in oregano extracts. Furthermore, thermoresistant compounds that remain in the plant matrix following a thermal process can be priced in terms of the circular economy. By using better and more selective extraction conditions, the bioactive compounds present in Mexican oregano can be studied as potential inhibitors of COVID-19. Also, research on extraction technologies should continue to ensure a higher quality of bioactive compounds while preventing an undesired chemical shift (e.g., hydrolysis). The oregano fractions can be used in the food, health, and agricultural industries.

Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Mexican "Ataulfo" mango peels: Antioxidant potential and identification by HPLC/ESI/MS.

INTRODUCTION: Mango is used in traditional medicine in many countries. However, the processing by-products are not currently used and generate large pollution problems and high handling costs. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different parameters in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from mango peels using modern and ecological ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction technology. METHODOLOGY: Various parameters of these processes were studied: the extract was recovered by liquid chromatography using Ambetlite XAD-16. The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's and HCl-butanol methods. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+), 1,10-diphenyl-2-20-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and lipid oxidation inhibition methods. The recovered compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS: The best extraction conditions were solid/liquid ratio of 1/5 g/mL, ethanol percentage of 50%, and an extraction time of 10 min. Under these conditions, the total polyphenol content was 54.15 mg/g, and the antioxidant activities were greater than 90% inhibition in the three assays evaluated. According to the high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MS) analysis, nine polyphenolic compounds were identified; most of them were gallotannins, such as pentagalloyl glucose. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction was shown to be effective and allowed the recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated that mango peel extracts can be used as natural antioxidant components in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

Candelilla Wax Edible Coating with Flourensia cernua Bioactives to Prolong the Quality of Tomato Fruits.

The improvement of the postharvest quality of tomato fruits was evaluated using an edible coating functionalized with an Flourensia cernua extract evaluating the antifungal, structural, barrier, and optical properties. The formulation and evaluation of an edible coating and its application on tomato was evaluated using a response surface methodology to determine the ideal concentrations of candelilla wax, whey protein, and glycerol. Edible films showed good barrier properties, with water vapor permeability varying from 0.435-0.404 g mm/m2 day kPa. The addition o F. cernua extract showed significant improvement in the transparency of films. The edible coating applied to tomato reduced weight and firmness loss. The sensory evaluation proved that the product obtained is acceptable for consumers. The edible coating added with F. cernua extract was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi and the visual appearance at the end of storage confirmed the beneficial effect of the edible coating.

Neuropatía úptica isquémica anterior unilateral asociada con ergotismo / Anterior unilateral ischemic optic neuropathy associated to ergotism

Case report of a patient with ergotism. ergotism is a complication of acute intoxication of chronic abuse of ergot derivates. Ergot is a fungus that grows on rye and less commonly on other grases such as wheat. Ergotism is a severe reaction to ergocontaminated food (such as rye bread). Ergot refers to a group of fungi of the genus Claviceps. It is a condition that develops of longterm ingestion of ergotamines. In excess, ergotamine can cause symptos such as hallucinations, severe gastrointestinal upset, a type-of dry gangrene and a pain-ful sensation in the extremities. Our patient is presented with anterior unilateral ischemic optic neuropathy. The studies performed and the clinical evaluatiion, are presented, and the treatment the same as the follow-up, are described in the article.

Diagnóstico retardado de hernia de Bochdalek: presentación de caso / Delayed diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia. Case presentation

Fundamento: el defecto congénito en el cierre de la región posterolateral del diafragma se denomina hernia de Bochdalek y solo en el 10 porciento de los niños el diagnóstico se realiza después del primer mes de vida. Este defecto congénito permite que se desplacen las vísceras abdominales hacia el tórax, lo que a la vez puede ser la causa de una opacidad pulmonar persistente en la radiografía torácica. Objetivo: ilustrar, debido a su infrecuencia, el diagnóstico retardado de hernia de Bochdalek en una paciente con una opacidad pulmonar persistente. Presentación de caso: se describe el caso de una niña de once meses de edad, que ingresó por una opacidad pulmonar persistente en base pulmonar izquierda y signos clínicos de infección. Después de realizar tratamiento con antibióticos durante cinco días tuvo mejoría clínica pero persistía la imagen en la radiografía torácica. En la tomografía computarizada se observó el bazo localizado en el hemitórax izquierdo debido a una hernia de Bochdalek. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de la hernia de Bochdalek fuera de la etapa de recién nacido es infrecuente, sin embargo esta enfermedad debe tenerse en cuenta en todo paciente con una opacidad pulmonar persistente aun cuando su edad sobrepase la etapa neonatal(AU)

Background: congenital defect in the closure of the posterolateral region of the diaphragm is called Bochdalek hernia and only in 10 percent of children the diagnosis is made after the first month of life. This birth defect allows abdominal organs to move into the chest, which in turn can be the cause of persistent pulmonary opacity on chest radiography. Objective: to illustrate the delayed diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia in a patient with a persistent pulmonary opacity, as it is an infrequent case. Case presentation: the case of an eleven months old girl, who was admitted for a left lung base pulmonary opacity and persistent clinical signs of infection is described. The patient had clinical improvement after completing treatment with antibiotics for five days but the image persisted on chest radiography. Computed tomography showed the spleen in the left hemithorax due to Bochdalek hernia. Conclusions: the diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia out of the newborn stage is rare, however this disease should be considered in all patients with persistent pulmonary opacity even when their age exceeds the neonatal stage(AU)

Diagnóstico retardado de hernia de Bochdalek. Presentación de caso / Delayed diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia. Case presentation

Fundamento: el defecto congénito en el cierre de la región posterolateral del diafragma se denomina hernia de Bochdalek y solo en el 10 % de los niños el diagnóstico se realiza después del primer mes de vida. Este defecto congénito permite que se desplacen las vísceras abdominales hacia el tórax, lo que a la vez puede ser la causa de una opacidad pulmonar persistente en la radiografía torácica. Objetivo: ilustrar, debido a su infrecuencia, el diagnóstico retardado de hernia de Bochdalek en una paciente con una opacidad pulmonar persistente. Presentación de caso: se describe el caso de una niña de once meses de edad, que ingresó por una opacidad pulmonar persistente en base pulmonar izquierda y signos clínicos de infección. Después de realizar tratamiento con antibióticos durante cinco días tuvo mejoría clínica pero persistía la imagen en la radiografía torácica. En la tomografía computarizada se observó el bazo localizado en el hemitórax izquierdo debido a una hernia de Bochdalek. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de la hernia de Bochdalek fuera de la etapa de recién nacido es infrecuente, sin embargo esta enfermedad debe tenerse en cuenta en todo paciente con una opacidad pulmonar persistente aun cuando su edad sobrepase la etapa neonatal.

Background: congenital defect in the closure of the posterolateral region of the diaphragm is called Bochdalek hernia and only in 10 % of children the diagnosis is made after the first month of life. This birth defect allows abdominal organs to move into the chest, which in turn can be the cause of persistent pulmonary opacity on chest radiography. Objective: to illustrate the delayed diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia in a patient with a persistent pulmonary opacity, as it is an infrequent case. Case presentation: the case of an eleven months old girl, who was admitted for a left lung base pulmonary opacity and persistent clinical signs of infection is described. The patient had clinical improvement after completing treatment with antibiotics for five days but the image persisted on chest radiography. Computed tomography showed the spleen in the left hemithorax due to Bochdalek hernia. Conclusions: the diagnosis of Bochdalek hernia out of the newborn stage is rare, however this disease should be considered in all patients with persistent pulmonary opacity even when their age exceeds the neonatal stage.

Avaliação da estabilidade do parafuso de fixação em implantes de hexágono interno e cone morse / Evaluation of the stability of the screw fi xation in implants of internal hexagon and morse taper

Torque é a força de aperto exercida sobre um parafuso e um dos principais fatores relacionado com o insucesso das próteses implanto suportadas. A falha na união do parafuso podeocorrer tanto por uma pequena quantidade de torque, como por um excesso de torqu e também. Assim,para reduzir o afrouxamento do parafuso deve ser aplicado um torque adequad o, sendo a quantidade de torque realizada de acordo com o tipo de pilar, diâmetro do parafuso e o sistema utilizado. Desta maneira, a proposta dessa pesquisa foi avaliar os sistema de conexão , analisando a força necessária para o destorque de implantes de Hexágono Interno e Cone Morse. Dezoito corpos-de-prova foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A – implante de hexágono interno; GrupoB – implante cone Morse. Na seqüência de ensaio, foi aplicado o torque 20 Ncm com um torquímetro mecânico, e após 10 minutos foi realizado um novo torque com o mesmo valor do torque inicial, com o objetivo de reduzir o efeito da sedimentação. Após 2 minutos, foi aplicada uma força em sentido anti-horário com um torquímetro analógico Tohnichi , e mensurado o valor mais alto de força atingido para o destorque. Os resultados foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias comparadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney Test em 5% designiˆficância. Observou-se que o valor de destorque foi um valor mediano de 30% do torque inicial aplicado, em ambos os grupos. Não foi constatado diferença estatisticamente signiˆcativa entre os dois grupos. E assim, foi possível concluir que o valor do torque de remoção foi meno r do que otorque inicial aplicado

Torque is a force exerted on a clamping screw and one of principals factors related to the failure of implant-prosthesis. Th e failure of the screw union can occur for a small amount of torque, as by an excess torque also. Th erefore, to reduce loosening of the screw should be a proper torque, the amount of torque being carried out according to the type of abutment, the screw diameter and the system. Th us, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the connection system, analyzing the force required to implant detorque Internal Hexagon and Morse Taper. Twenty specimens were divided into two groups: Group A - internal hexagon implant, Group B - Morse taper implant. Following testing, we applied the initial tightening torque 20 Ncm with a torque wrench mechanic, and aft er 10 minutes was performed a new torque with the same amount of initial torque, in order to reduce the eff ect of sedimentation. Aft er 2 minutes, force was applied in a counter-clockwise with a wrench analog Tohnichi, and measured the highest strength to hit detorque. Th e results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Mann-Whit ney Test at 5% signifi cance. It was observed that the value detorque was a median 30% of the initial torque applied in both groups. No statistically signifi cant diff erence was found between the two groups. Th us, it was concluded that the removal torque value was lower than the initial torque applied.

Comportamiento del recién nacido macrosómico en la Isla de la Juventud. Enero 2008 a enero 2010 / Macrosomic newborn behavior in the Isle of Youth. January 2008 to January 2010

Unos de los problemas de salud que aumenta la morbilidad en el servicio de neonatología es el nacimiento de niños macrosómicos, sobre este tema existen pocos estudios en nuestro municipio Isla de la Juventud.Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo longitudinal del comportamiento de la macrosomìa fetal en el Hospital Docente Héroes del Baire durante el período comprendido desde el 1ro. de enero de 2008 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2010; para identificar su incidencia, los antecedentes maternos más frecuentes, valorar la vía del parto y morbimortalidad perinatal. Los datos fueron tomados del libro de partos y de morbilidad del servicio de neonatología. Además de las historias clínicas maternas y de los recién nacidos, procesándose estadísticamente. Se analizaron un total de 254 casos de recién nacidos que pesaron 4000g o más, se encontró una incidencia de macrosomía de un 9 por ciento. Los principales antecedentes maternos fueron: embarazo prolongado (62 por ciento), la obesidad (29 por ciento) y diabetes mellitus familiar (21 por ciento). El tipo de parto que predominó fue el distócico (52 por ciento), la paridad de 1-2 hijos (76 por ciento) y el sexo masculino (67 por ciento). No existió mortalidad perinatal y la complicación que con más frecuencia se encontró fue el traumatismo del parto que represento el 59 por ciento(AU)

Some of the problems of health that the morbidity increases in our neonatology service are the birth of macrosómic´s children about this topic exist a few studies in our Municipality Island of the Youth.It was carried out a longitudinal descriptive retrospective study of the behaviour of the fetal macrosomic in the Hospital Heroes del Baire during the period understood from the 1ro. of January of 2008 up to December 31 the 2010, to identify their incidence, the most frequent maternal antecedents, to value the road of the childbirth and morbidity and mortality per natal. The data were taken of the childbirth book and of mobility of the neonatology service and of the maternal clinical histories and of those recently born ones, and processed statistically. They were analyzed a total of 254 cases whose recently born they weighed 4000g or more, in those that he/she was an incidence of macrosomìc of a (9 percent), as main maternal antecedents: I embarrass lingering a (62 percent), the obesity the (29 percent) and family diabetes (21 percent). The childbirth type that prevailed was the dystocic with a (52 percent), the parity of 1-2 children (76 percent) and the masculine sex the (67 percent).No fetal mortality and the complications that met with more frequency existed the traumatisms of the childbirth that I represent the were (59 percent)(AU)

Vendaje de Jones en el manejo postoperatorio de pie equinovaro aducto congénito / Jones bandage for post-operative treatment of equinus varus adducts club-foot

Este es un trabajo prospectivo en el que se revisaron 60 pies en el periodo comprendido entre marzo de 1992 y marzo de 1995, que fueron operados en el Servicio de Ortopedia Pediátrica del Hospital Infantil de México para la corrección del pie equinovaro aducto congénito, con las técnicas de Turco (11 pacientes), McKay (8 pacientes), Carroll (8 pacientes) y Thomas (10 pacientes). A todos se les manejó con vendaje de Jones en el postoperatorio inmediato. Desde que se inició este tipo de vendaje no se encontraron complicaciones como compromiso vascular, dehiscencia de heridas, úlceras por compresión o salida de yesos.

Plastía acetabular de aumento ranurado (Técnica de Staheli) / Acetabular plasty of augmentation groove (Staheli technique)

La displasia acetabular lleva a la artrosis degenerativa en personas jóvenes. Se han descrito múltiples osteotomías del iliaco en un intento de aumentar la cobertura de la cabeza femoral. Este es un informe preliminar de seis pacientes, con edades que oscilaron de 11 a 26 años tratados con una plastía acetabular de aumento ranurado. Todos con displasia acetabular, ángulo de Wiber menor de 20 grados, y cabeza femoral muy grande o extruída, pero concéntrica. Se valoró la presencia de dolor, rigidez articular, estabilidad de la cadera, aumento del techo acetabular. Tuvimos cuatro resultados excelentes y dos buenos. Requerimos de un mayor número de pacientes y más tiempo de seguimiento para tener los resultados finales.

Aislamiento e identificación de actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae en pulmones de cerdos con pleuroneumonóa crónica sacrificados en el rastro municipal de mérida, Yucatán, México / Isolation and identification of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs lungs with chronic pleuropneumonia at the slaugterhouse of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estandarizar la técnica de siembra directa e implementar la prueba de aglutinación rápida en placa para el aislamiento e identificación de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae en pulmones de cerdos con pleuroneumonía crónica provenientes del rastro municipal de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Materiales y Métodos. De julio de 1996 a febrero de 1997 se tomaron en el rastro municipal de la ciudad de Mérida, 250 muestras de pulmones de cerdos con lesiones de plueroneumonía en los lóbulos caudales. Las muestras se sembraron en agar sangre con cepa nodriza de Staphylococcus aureus, posteriormente fueron incubadas a 37§C por 24 horas en aerobiosis. Las colonias que presentaron satelitismo, beta hemólisis y brillantes, fueron consideradas colonias sospechosas a A pleuropneumoniae. Para la confirmación de A pleuropneumoniae, se realizaron las pruebas bioquímicas de urea, glucosa, lactosa, mannitol, dulcitol, CAMP y NAD por el método de micrométodos. La prueba utilizada para la serotipificación de A pleuropneumoniae fue aglutinación rápida en placa. Resultados. En 129 (51.6 por ciento) pulmones se aisló A pleuropneumoniae. De las 129 muestras positivas a A pleuropneumoniae, en 113 (87.6 por ciento) muestras se obtuvo cultivo puro (sin la presencia de otras bacterias) y en 16 (12.4 por ciento) muestras A pleuropneumoniae estuvo acompañado de otras bacterias (15 con P multocida y 1 con A pyogenes). Los serotipos identificados de A pleuropneumoniae fueron: serotipo 1 en 88 (68.2 por ciento) cepas, serotipo 7 en 29 (22.5 por ciento) cepas, serotipo 5 en una (0.8 por ciento) cepa y 11 (8.5 por ciento) cepas tuvieron reacción cruzada entre los serotipos 1 y 7. Discusión. La selección de la muestra es uno de los factores más importantes para lograr el aislamiento de A pleuropneumoniae por medio de la técnica de siembra directa. La técnica de siembra directa para el aislamiento de A pleuropneumoniae en pulmones con pleuroneumonía crónica en cerdos de rastro puede ser utilizada para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.

Frecuencia de rinitis atrófica y grado de lesión de los cornetes nasales de cerdos en Yucatán, México / Frequency of atrophic rinitis and the degree of lesions in pig nasal turbinates from Yucatan, Mexico

Introducción.- El complejo respiratorio de los cerdos es uno de los principales síndromes que afectan a la industria porcina, debido al efecto negativo que tiene sobre los costos de producción por concepto de mortalidad, tratamientos, disminución en la ganancia diaria de peso y aumento en la conversión alimenticia. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de las lesiones macroscópicas en cornetes de cerdos finalizados obtenidos en el mercado municipal No. 32 de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Materiales y Métodos.- Se inspeccionaron 101 hocicos de cerdos de engorda finalizados adquiridos en el mercado municipal No. 32 de Mérida, Yucatán, México, de abril a junio de 1997. Con un rinómetro se determinó el grado de rinitis. A los casos positivos a rinitis atrófica progresiva (RAP) se les realizó un análisis histopatológico y bacteriológico. Resultados.- Cincuenta y cinco (54.5 por ciento) hocicos presentaron RAP. Treinta y tres (60.0 por ciento) cornetes nasales presentaron grado 2, 17 (30.9 por ciento) cornetes nasales con grado 3 y 5 (9.1 por ciento) cornetes nasales con grado 4. Se observó 1 (1.8 por ciento) caso con cuerpos de inclusión y correspondió al grado 4 de RAP. Se aislaron Pasteurella multocida en 2 (3.6 por ciento) casos positivos a RAP y correspondieron a los grados 2 y 4 y Bordetella bronchiseptica en 3 (5.5 por ciento) muestras y correspondieron a los grados 2, 3 y 4 de RAP. Discusión.- Las diferencias encontradas entre la RAP de este estudio y las reportadas por los diferentes autores, probablemente se debieron a la técnica utilizada. La baja frecuencia de aislamientos probablemente se debió a que las muestras fueron tomaron de cerdos sacrificados en el rastro, lo cual pudo favorecer la contaminación de las muestras. La RAP probablemente se asocia a los agentes etiológicos B bronchiseptica, P multocida y Citomegalovirus. En el estado de Yucatán, México, este es el primer reporte de un caso de rinitis atrófica con cuerpos de inclusión. Esto permite demostrar que la RAP es un padecimiento que no necesariamente guarda relación con un solo agente etiológico.

Prevalencia, caracterización y extensión de las lesiones en pulmones de cerdos sacrificados en el rastro municipal de Mérida, Yucatán, México / Prevalence, characterization and degree of lesions in pig lungs in the municipal slaughterhouse of Merida, Yucatan, México

Introducción.- El complejo respiratorio ha sido identificado como el principal síndrome que afecta al ganado porcino, se encuentra asociado a pérdidas en la ganancia de peso, eficiencia alimenticia, y mortalidad. Con base en lo anterior se plantea los siguientes objetivos: a) Determinar la prevalencia de lesiones pulmonares en cerdos sacrificados en el rastro municipal de Mérida, Yucatán, México; b) Caracterizar anatomopatológicamente las lesiones pulmonares, y c) Determinar el grado de extensión de las lesiones pulmonares. Materiales y métodos.- En el rastro municipal de Mérida, Yucatán, México, se inspeccionaron macroscópicamente los pulmones de los cerdos para identificar los tipos de lesión y evaluar el grado de extensión de la lesión.Resultados.- La prevalencia de lesiones pulmonares fue 90.3 por ciento (11,895 pulmones). La pleuroneumonía se presentó en 37.1 por ciento (4,418) de los pulmones, bronconeumonía en 28.9 por ciento (3,433), neumonía en 28.0 por ciento (3,329) y pleuritis en 6.0 por ciento (715) de los pulmones. En el 56.5 por ciento (304) de los pulmones se presentó un grado de extensión de la lesión pulmonar igual o menor al 10 por ciento y en el 43.5 por ciento (234) de los pulmones mayor al 10 por ciento. De los pulmones inspeccionados para evaluar el grado de extensión de la lesión, el 43.5 por ciento tuvo más del 10 por ciento del pulmón afectado. Discusión.- Los tipos y grado de extensión de las lesiones se puede deber a varios factores entre los que se encuentran el sistema de producción, medidas de bioseguridad, nutrición, ambiente y microbismo ambiental. La prevalencia alta indica la importancia que tiene el complejo respiratorio en el estado de Yucatán. Los tipos de lesión pulmonar, sugieren la presencia de algunos microorganismos del complejo respiratorio.