Oral health, impact of pain in the life and perception of users atended at Family Health Strategy of Piraí-RJ

Objective: to identify the characteristics of the demands for emergency services relatedto pain in health units in the city of Piraí, Rio de Janeiro; the degree of satisfaction andthe perceptions of users about the service provided when the need is linked toemergency situations related to dental pain. Methods: Users of public health unitsanswered, between May 2013 and November 2014, through questionnaires, dataregarding sex, age, monthly family income, economic class, experiences in emergencyservices and a McGill pain questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language. Thedata were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: 137users were included (40.22 ± 15.74 years), 73.7% female, 59.9% from class C and 43.8%with an income between ½ and 1 minimum wage. Of the total, 54% felt some painrelated to oral problems in the last 12 months before the questionnaire and of these,71.6% were seen at the service, 58% did not find it difficult to get care, 68.9% solved theproblem and 73% were satisfied with the service provided. Only 37.2% of users did notreport social damage at work or at leisure caused by dental pain. The age group wasassociated with pain related to oral problems in the last 12 months (p=0.02) and theneed for emergency consultations in the same period (p=0.005). Conclusions: Themajority of individuals who are attended in public service being female, the economicclass and the predominant family income were, respectively, class C and of ½ to 1minimum wage; Toothache and pain when drinking cold or hot liquids were the mostcommon complaints in the last 12 months; There is an association between age andpresence of dental pain and the need for urgent treatment; and participants in thisstudy are considered to have been satisfactorily treated in most cases.

Objetivo: identificar as características das demandas por serviços de emergênciarelacionados à dor nas unidades de saúde da cidade de Piraí, Rio de Janeiro; o grau desatisfação e as percepções dos usuários sobre o serviço prestado quando a necessidadeestá ligada a situações de urgência relacionadas à dor dentária. Métodos: Usuários dasunidades públicas de saúde responderam, durante maio de 2013 até novembro de 2014,através de questionários, dados referentes a sexo, idade, renda familiar mensal, classeeconômica, experiências nos serviços de emergência e um questionário McGill para dorvalidado para a língua portuguesa. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e peloteste Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 137 usuários (40,22 ± 15,74anos), 73,7% do sexo feminino, 59,9% da classe C e 43,8% com renda entre ½ e 1 saláriomínimo. Do total, 54% sentiram alguma dor relacionada a problemas bucais nos últimos12 meses antes do questionário e destes, 71,6% foram atendidos no serviço, 58% nãoencontraram dificuldades para obter atendimento, 68,9% resolveram o problema e73% estavam satisfeitos com o serviço prestado. Apenas 37,2% dos usuários nãorelataram prejuízo social no trabalho ou no lazer causado por dor dentária. A faixa etáriaesteve associada à dor relacionada a problemas bucais nos últimos 12 meses (p=0,02)e à necessidade de consultas de emergência no mesmo período (p=0,005). Conclusão:A maioria dos indivíduos atendidos em serviço público era do sexo feminino, a classeeconômica e a renda familiar predominante eram, respectivamente, classe C e de ½ a 1salário mínimo; Dor de dente e dor ao beber líquidos frios ou quentes foram as queixasmais comuns nos últimos 12 meses; Existe associação entre idade e presença de dordentária e necessidade de tratamento urgente; os participantes deste estudo seconsideraram satisfatoriamente atendidos na maioria dos casos.

Detection of human papillomavirus in dental biofilm and the uterine cervix of a pregnant adolescent / Detecção do papilomavírus humano em biofilme dental e no colo uterino de uma adolescente grávida

CONTEXT: Adolescence and pregnancy are considered to be risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The relationship between this infection in the uterine cervix and oral HPV infection is controversial. CASE REPORT: This report describes a case of a pregnant 16-year-old adolescent who presented HPV infection in the uterine cervix and the mouth. Smears were collected from the cervix and the tongue/palate. Dental biofilm samples were also collected. The microarray technique was used to detect HPV. The HPV 56 subtype was observed in the cervical smear and HPV 6 in dental biofilm. CONCLUSION: In this pregnant adolescent, HPV infection was present in both the cervix and the mouth, but the HPV subtypes infecting these two areas were different.

CONTEXTO: A adolescência e a gestação são consideradas fatores de risco para a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). A relação entre essa infecção no colo do útero e na boca num mesmo paciente é controversa. RELATO DE CASO: Descrever o caso de uma adolescente grávida de 16 anos que apresentou a infecção pelo HPV no colo do útero e na boca. Esfregaços foram realizados no colo do útero e em língua/palato. Amostras de biofilme dental também foram coletadas. Para detectar o HPV, foi utilizada a técnica do microarranjo. O HPV 56 foi o subtipo encontrado no esfregaço cervical e o tipo HPV 6 no biofilme dental. CONCLUSÕES: Observamos, nessa adolescente grávida, a presença do HPV na boca e no colo do útero, mas os subtipos virais que infectavam essas duas regiões eram distintos.

Detection of human papillomavirus in dental biofilm and the uterine cervix of a pregnant adolescent.

CONTEXT: Adolescence and pregnancy are considered to be risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The relationship between this infection in the uterine cervix and oral HPV infection is controversial. CASE REPORT: This report describes a case of a pregnant 16-year-old adolescent who presented HPV infection in the uterine cervix and the mouth. Smears were collected from the cervix and the tongue/palate. Dental biofilm samples were also collected. The microarray technique was used to detect HPV. The HPV 56 subtype was observed in the cervical smear and HPV 6 in dental biofilm. CONCLUSION: In this pregnant adolescent, HPV infection was present in both the cervix and the mouth, but the HPV subtypes infecting these two areas were different.

Long-term evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility and microbial profile of subgingival biofilms in individuals with aggressive periodontitis.

This study evaluates the antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of subgingival biofilms in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients treated using mechanical/antimicrobial therapies, including chlorhexidine (CHX), amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MET). GAP patients allocated to the placebo (C, n = 15) or test group (T, n = 16) received full-mouth disinfection with CHX, scaling and root planning, and systemic AMX (500 mg)/MET (250 mg) or placebos. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-therapy from 3-4 periodontal pockets, and the samples were pooled and cultivated under anaerobic conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AMX, MET and CHX were assessed using the microdilution method. Bacterial species present in the cultivated biofilm were identified by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. At baseline, no differences in the MICs between groups were observed for the 3 antimicrobials. In the T group, significant increases in the MICs of CHX (p < 0.05) and AMX (p < 0.01) were detected during the first 3 months; however, the MIC of MET decreased at 12 months (p < 0.05). For several species, the MICs significantly changed over time in both groups, i.e., Streptococci MICs tended to increase, while for several periodontal pathogens, the MICs diminished. A transitory increase in the MIC of the subgingival biofilm to AMX and CHX was observed in GAP patients treated using enhanced mechanical therapy with topical CHX and systemic AMX/MET. Both protocols presented limited effects on the cultivable subgingival microbiota.

Long-term evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility and microbial profile of subgingival biofilms in individuals with aggressive periodontitis

This study evaluates the antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of subgingival biofilms in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) patients treated using mechanical/antimicrobial therapies, including chlorhexidine (CHX), amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MET). GAP patients allocated to the placebo (C, n = 15) or test group (T, n = 16) received full-mouth disinfection with CHX, scaling and root planning, and systemic AMX (500 mg)/MET (250 mg) or placebos. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-therapy from 3–4 periodontal pockets, and the samples were pooled and cultivated under anaerobic conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AMX, MET and CHX were assessed using the microdilution method. Bacterial species present in the cultivated biofilm were identified by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. At baseline, no differences in the MICs between groups were observed for the 3 antimicrobials. In the T group, significant increases in the MICs of CHX (p < 0.05) and AMX (p < 0.01) were detected during the first 3 months; however, the MIC of MET decreased at 12 months (p < 0.05). For several species, the MICs significantly changed over time in both groups, i.e., Streptococci MICs tended to increase, while for several periodontal pathogens, the MICs diminished. A transitory increase in the MIC of the subgingival biofilm to AMX and CHX was observed in GAP patients treated using enhanced mechanical therapy with topical CHX and systemic AMX/MET. Both protocols presented limited effects on the cultivable subgingival microbiota.

Oral status of patients submitted to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

PURPOSE: Oral infection may be a source of bacteremia in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between patients with poor periodontal status and complications after HSCT. METHODS: A cohort of patients with hematological malignancies candidates for autologous HSCT was observed before and during the neutropenic phase of HSCT. A primary evaluation was performed before the HSCT procedure, including medical and socio-demographic data and physical examination (number of teeth and decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), oral mucosa, and full mouth periodontal assessment). During the neutropenic phase, data regarding the development of febrile neutropenia, bacteremia, and mucositis were also prospectively obtained. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were included. The most common baseline disease was multiple myeloma (70 %). In the primary evaluations, the median DMFT was 13 (ranging 0-27), and periodontitis and gingivitis were present in 29 and 60 % of the patients, respectively. During the neutropenic phase of HSCT, fever occurred in 96 % of patients, and bacteremia was documented in 29 %. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common isolated bacteria. Patients who developed bacteremia had a higher frequency of oral disorders compared with those without bacteremia, but it was not statistically significant. Oral mucositis affected 89.6 % of the patients, and patients with gingivitis or periodontal disorders had a high frequency of mucositis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral pathologic conditions previous to HSCT procedures was very high in the studied population. A possible association was noted between previous gingivitis and the development of mucositis during the neutropenia of HSCT.

Clinical and microbiological effects of systemic antimicrobials combined to an anti-infective mechanical debridement for the management of aggressive periodontitis: a 12-month randomized controlled trial.

AIM: To compare the 1-year clinical and microbiological outcomes of an enhanced anti-infective therapy with versus without systemic antimicrobials in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). METHODS: In this 12-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 35 individuals assigned to a control (n = 17) or test group (n = 18) received full-mouth supra and subgingival ultrasonic debridement followed by scaling and root planing with chlorhexidine rinsing, brushing, and irrigation. Subjects received either amoxicillin (AMX, 500 mg) + metronidazole (MET, 250 mg) or placebos, TID for 10 days. Subgingival samples were obtained and analysed for their composition by checkerboard. Data were subjected to non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Both therapeutic protocols resulted in similar significant clinical improvement for most parameters at 1 year (p < 0.01). The AMX + MET group exhibited shallower residual pockets than the placebo (p = 0.05). Most periodontal pathogens decreased, whereas beneficial bacteria increased in counts in both groups over time (p < 0.0012). High levels of some periodontal and other microbial pathogens were associated with disease persistence regardless treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced anti-infective mechanical therapy is comparable with its combination with systemic AMX+MET for most clinical parameters and for maintaining low levels of periodontal pathogens for up to 1 year after treatment of GAP.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the subgingival microbiota of patients with chronic kidney disease

This study investigated the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the composition of subgingival microbiota of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sixteen CKD pre-dialysis individuals (CKD) and 14 individuals without clinical evidence of kidney disease (C) presenting chronic periodontitis were treated by scaling and root planing. Subgingival samples were collected from each patient and analyzed for their composition by checkerboard at baseline and 3 months post-therapy. Significant differences between groups at baseline were sought by the Mann-Whitney and χ² tests. Changes over time were examined by the Wilcoxon test. At baseline, the CKD group had significantly lower counts of E. faecalis compared to the C group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of a greater number of species were reduced in the C group. Higher levels of A. israelii, C. rectus, F. periodonticum, P. micra, P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, N. mucosa, and S. anginosus (p < 0.05) were found in the CKD group compared to the C group. Also, non-responsive sites in CKD individuals harbored significantly higher levels of pathogenic species (T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, Fusobacterium spp., D. pneumosintes, E. faecalis and S. aureus; p < 0.05) than sites that responded to therapy, as well as non-responsive sites in the C group. The periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota of CKD and systemically healthy individuals was similar in composition. However, high levels of pathogenic species persisted in the subgingival microbiota of patients with CKD after treatment.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the subgingival microbiota of patients with chronic kidney disease.

This study investigated the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the composition of subgingival microbiota of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sixteen CKD pre-dialysis individuals (CKD) and 14 individuals without clinical evidence of kidney disease (C) presenting chronic periodontitis were treated by scaling and root planing. Subgingival samples were collected from each patient and analyzed for their composition by checkerboard at baseline and 3 months post-therapy. Significant differences between groups at baseline were sought by the Mann-Whitney and χ² tests. Changes over time were examined by the Wilcoxon test. At baseline, the CKD group had significantly lower counts of E. faecalis compared to the C group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of a greater number of species were reduced in the C group. Higher levels of A. israelii, C. rectus, F. periodonticum, P. micra, P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, N. mucosa, and S. anginosus (p < 0.05) were found in the CKD group compared to the C group. Also, non-responsive sites in CKD individuals harbored significantly higher levels of pathogenic species (T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, Fusobacterium spp., D. pneumosintes, E. faecalis and S. aureus; p < 0.05) than sites that responded to therapy, as well as non-responsive sites in the C group. The periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota of CKD and systemically healthy individuals was similar in composition. However, high levels of pathogenic species persisted in the subgingival microbiota of patients with CKD after treatment.

Impact of systemic antimicrobials combined with anti-infective mechanical debridement on the microbiota of generalized aggressive periodontitis: a 6-month RCT.

AIM: To compare the effects of systemic amoxicillin (AMX) plus metronidazole (MET) or placebos combined with anti-infective mechanical debridement on the sub-gingival microbiota of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty-one subjects received full-mouth ultrasonic debridement followed by scaling and root planing with chlorhexidine rinsing, brushing and irrigation. During mechanical therapy, subjects received systemic AMX (500mg)+MET (250mg) or placebo, t.i.d. for 10 days. Sub-gingival samples were obtained from each patient and analysed for their composition by checkerboard at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-therapy. Significant differences between groups over time were examined by General Linear Model of Repeated Measures. RESULTS: High levels of periodontal pathogens, as well as some "non-periodontal" species were observed. Most of the periodontal pathogens decreased significantly over time (p<0.05), whereas "non-periodontal" bacteria tended to increase in both groups. Sites that showed attachment loss and probing depth increase harboured higher levels of Dialister pneumosintes, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Prevotella tannerea and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius than sites that improved after both therapies (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic AMX+MET or placebos adjunctive to anti-infective mechanical debridement were comparable in lowering periodontal pathogens up to 6 months after treatment. Species not commonly associated with GAP were less affected by both therapies.

Systemic antimicrobials adjunctive to a repeated mechanical and antiseptic therapy for aggressive periodontitis: a 6-month randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to compare the additional benefit of systemic antimicrobials versus placebos to a repeated mechanical instrumentation combined with comprehensive local chemical plaque control for the periodontal treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. All GAgP patients received full-mouth disinfection followed by staged scaling and root planing without (placebo group; n = 17) or with (test group; n = 18) systemic antimicrobials (500 mg amoxicillin [AMX] + 250 mg metronidazole [MET]; three times a day for 10 days). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months post-therapy. Significant differences between groups at baseline were sought by using the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas comparisons over time were examined by using a general linear model repeated measures procedure. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated similar improvements in most parameters over time. The test group presented a greater mean probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain at sites with initially moderate PD at 6 months (P <0.03). No differences were seen between groups regarding mean reductions and mean gains, respectively, for PD and CAL initially ≥7 mm. The test group presented a higher percentage of sites that improved ≥2 mm and ended up with PD ≤4 mm or a lower percentage of sites that worsened ≥2 mm and remained with PD >4 mm at 3 months (P <0.01). No differences were noticed between groups for these parameters at 6 months. CONCLUSION: AMX + MET brought additional clinical effects to the repeated mechanical and antiseptic treatment of GAgP in a very short time (3 months), which tended to fade away over time (6 months).

Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on chronic kidney disease patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating systemic condition. Our working hypothesis is that CKD predialysis patients with periodontitis would respond poorly to periodontal treatment owing to immunologic compromise. Twenty-one predialysis patients (group 1) and 19 individuals without clinical evidence of kidney disease (group 2) with chronic periodontitis were subjected to non-surgical periodontal treatment with no antibiotics. Clinical periodontal and systemic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Both groups showed significant and similar post-treatment improvements in all periodontal parameters examined. Most interestingly, periodontal treatment had a statistically significant positive effect on the glomerular filtration rate of each individual (group 1, p = 0.04; group 2, p = 0.002). Our results indicate that chronic periodontitis in predialysis kidney disease patients improved similarly in patients with chronic periodontitis and no history of CKD after receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy. This study demonstrates that CKD predialysis patients show a good response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on chronic kidney disease patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating systemic condition. Our working hypothesis is that CKD predialysis patients with periodontitis would respond poorly to periodontal treatment owing to immunologic compromise. Twenty-one predialysis patients (group 1) and 19 individuals without clinical evidence of kidney disease (group 2) with chronic periodontitis were subjected to non-surgical periodontal treatment with no antibiotics. Clinical periodontal and systemic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Both groups showed significant and similar post-treatment improvements in all periodontal parameters examined. Most interestingly, periodontal treatment had a statistically significant positive effect on the glomerular filtration rate of each individual (group 1, p = 0.04; group 2, p = 0.002). Our results indicate that chronic periodontitis in predialysis kidney disease patients improved similarly in patients with chronic periodontitis and no history of CKD after receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy. This study demonstrates that CKD predialysis patients show a good response to non-surgical periodontal treatment.

Relação entre o tratamento periodontal e o controle metabólico do diabetes mellitus: revisão de literatura / The relationship between periodontal treatment and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus: a review of literature

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença metabólica devido a alterações na produção de insulina ou resistência tecidual à mesma, levando a alteração no metabolismo de lipídeos, de açúcares e de proteína. A hiperglicemia resultante pode induzir diversas patologias de sistemas orgânicos. Por sua vez, a Doença Periodontal (DP) promove um desafio bacteriano constante, o que gera maior atividade de monócitos/macrófagos, aumentando a secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Em estados hiperglicêmicos, existe a formação de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs). O acúmulo nos tecidos de AGEs em diabéticos gera uma resposta hiperinflamatória. Esses fatores, em conjunto, levam a uma alteração na resposta imuno-inflamatóriado hospedeiro, gerando uma menor resistência à infecção e capacidade reparadora. Sendo assim, a terapia periodontal, através do controle do biofilme dental a níveis compatíveis com saúde, reduz a carga microbiana local e,conseqüentemente, diminui os desafios metabólicos nestes indivíduos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho, foi revisar os mecanismos pelos quais a DP, bem como a sua terapia associada ou não ao uso de antimicrobianos sistêmicos, podem atuar sobre o controle sistêmico do DM. Conclui-se que, apesar de existir discordância na literatura, os periodontistas deveriam atuar de forma educativa com seus pacientes e seus médicos alertando para a relação entre DP e DM.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease due to alterations in the production of insulin or tissue resistance to it, leading to abnormal fat, sugar, and protein metabolism. Resultant hyperglycemia can induce diverse multiple systems pathologies. On the other hand, periodontal disease (PD)promotes a constant bacterial challenge, which increases monocyte/macrophage activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. In hyperglycemic states, there is advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) production. In diabetic subjects, the AGEs accumulation in the tissue leads to a hyper-inflammatory response, generating po or resistance to infections and impaired wound healing. There fore, periodontal therapy, through dental biofilm control, decreases the microbial load and, as a consequence, reduces the metabolic challenges in those subjects. The present paper aims to review the mechanisms through what periodontal disease and its treatment, associated or not to systemic antibiotics, can affect systemic control of DM. It was concluded that despite the existing lack of agreement in the studied literature, periodontists should warn their patients and their doctors about the relationship between PD and DM.

Manifestações bucais e doença renal crônica: revisão de literatura / Oral findings and chronic renal failure: literature review

Este artigo é uma revisão da literatura sobre as manifestações bucais com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) enfatizando uma possível associação entre DRC e Doença Periodontal. Esta associação tem sido apresentada em estudos mais recentes e com metodologias mais adequadas. Algumas sugestões de mecanismos biológicos para tal associação também são exploradas.

Effects of non-surgical mechanical therapy on the subgingival microbiota of Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis: 9-month results.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical periodontal therapy is the most common treatment of periodontal infections. It is directed primarily towards removing biofilm and calculus from the root surfaces, leading to ecological changes in the subgingival environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the subgingival microbiota of Brazilian subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis over a 9-month period. METHODS: Twenty-five untreated chronic periodontitis patients (mean age 43 +/- 5 years; 20% smokers; 45% males) were selected from a Brazilian population. At baseline, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), visible supragingival biofilm (SB), bleeding on probing (BOP), and suppuration (SUP) were measured at six sites/tooth. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 10 sites with the deepest PD (> or =5 mm) of each subject and tested for the presence of 25 oral species by DNA probes and the checkerboard technique. Patients received full mouth SRP and oral hygiene instructions. Clinical and microbiological assessments were repeated at 3, 6, and 9 months after therapy. During this period, all patients received maintenance therapy, including supragingival prophylaxis and reinforcement in home care procedures. The clinical and microbiological parameters examined were computed for each subject and at each visit. Differences over time were sought using the Friedman test. RESULTS: Significant reductions in mean CAL and PD (P <0.01), percent of sites with SB (P <0.01), BOP and SUP (P <0.05) were observed during the course of the study. In general, microbial changes were more pronounced for the mean counts than for the frequency of the microorganisms, particularly at 3 months post-therapy. Significant reductions in prevalence and levels were observed for certain periodontal pathogens including P. gingivalis (P <0.05; P <0.01), T. forsythensis (P <0.01), C. rectus (P <0.01), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (P <0.01; P <0.05). Nevertheless, the frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans increased to baseline values at 9 months after therapy. Treponema ssp. and Prevotella spp. showed a modest decrease in prevalence, whereas marked reductions in their levels were observed. In contrast, the frequency and counts of the suspected pathogens P. micros and F. nucleatum increased after treatment. Species considered beneficial including Actinomyces spp., some oral streptococci, and V. parvula increased in prevalence, although these two last species tended to return to baseline levels at 9 months. CONCLUSION: In Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis, SRP led to clinical improvement associated with a decrease of certain periodontal pathogens, and an increase of beneficial species for up to 9 months after therapy.

Subgingival microbiota of Brazilian subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Different periodontopathogenic microbiota have been associated with periodontal diseases in several populations. The present investigation determined the subgingival microbiota of untreated chronic periodontitis Brazilians using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. METHODS: Twenty-five periodontitis patients (mean age, 41 +/- 2; mean probing depth [PD], 3.3 +/- 0.2; mean attachment level [AL], 3.6 +/- 0.2) with no history of previous periodontal therapy and a control group of 14 healthy subjects (mean age, 34 +/- 0.6; mean PD, 1.8 +/- 0.2; mean AL, 1.7 +/- 0.1) were selected. Measurements of PD, AL, bleeding on probing, plaque accumulation, and suppuration were recorded at 6 sites/tooth. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 4 sites in each tooth/subject in both groups. The presence and levels of 41 subgingival species were determined in 4,032 plaque samples using whole genomic DNA probes and the checkerboard method. RESULTS: Periodontal pathogens, as well as some unusual species (E. faecalis, E. coli and Bartonella sp.), were detected significantly more often and/or in higher levels in the periodontitis group (P < 0.05). Most species were more frequently detected in interproximal sites. B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, E. nodatum, and F. nucleatum ss vincentii showed a significant positive correlation with mean PD and AL (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The subgingival microbiota of Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis were complex, including high proportions of periodontopathogens commonly found in other populations, as well as some unusual species.

Determinaçäo de anticorpos no soro para microorganismos da microbiota subgengival de indivíduos com periodontite / Detection os systemic antibodies to microorganisms of the subgingival microflora in individuals with periodontitis

O presente estudo apresentou como objetivo avaliar o efeito longitudinal do tratamento periodontal nos níveis de anticorpos sistêmicos específicos para 13 patógenos periodontais em indivíduos brasileiros com Periodontite de Adulto, que nunca tiveram acesso à terapia periodontal. Um total de 31 indivíduos participaram de estudo, 17 indivíduos no grupo teste (42,4ñ4,32 anos) e 14 no grupo controle (34,8ñ4,8). Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados em 6 sítios por dente foram: placa, sangramento à sondagem; supuraçäo; profundidade de bolsa (mm) e nível de inserçäo (mm). Os níveis de anticorpos foram medidos através da técnica de ELISA (Enzyne Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay), enquanto que a quantificaçäo dos microorganismos utilizou a técnica de sonda de DNA (Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization). Os indivíduos do grupo teste receberam tratamento periodontal de raspagem e alisamento radicular, e instruçöes de higiene oral, e foram monitorados por 3, 6 e 9 meses. No baseline: os níveis de anticorpos em indivíduos com Periodontite de Adulto (Periodontite Crônica) estavam significativamente elevados para Eucobacterium nodatum e Porphyromonas gingivalis, em relaçäo ao grupo controle (p<0,05). Os níveis bacterianos médios nestes indivíduos se apresentaram significativamente maiores para Bacyeroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens e Treponema denticola, em relaçäo ao grupo controle (p<0,05). Os níveis de anticorpos para Eurobacterium nodatum foram significativamente correlacionados com profundidade de bolsa e nível de inserçäo (p<0,05), e os níveis de anticorpos para Porphyromonas gingivalis foram significativamente correlacionados com nível de inserçäo (p<0,05). Os níveis bacterianos de Porphyromonas gingivalis foram significativamente correlacionados com sangramento à sondagem (p<0,05). Após a terapia periodontal, os níveis médios de anticorpos em indivíduos com Periodontite do Adulto (Periodontite Crônica), se apresentaram significativamente diminuídos para Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Eucobacterium nodatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Peptostreptococcus micros e Treponema denticola, considerando diferentes intervalos (p<0,05). Os indivíduos com Periodontite do Adulto (Periodontite Crônica), apresentaram seus níveis de anticorpos Bacteroides forsythus positivamente correlacionados com nível de inserçäo (p<0,05)...