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1.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 48(4): e232, oct.-dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126649

RESUMO

Introducción: El consumo de sustancias de abuso por adolescentes y jóvenes, es un problema de salud que preocupa a profesionales de la salud, padres y educadores. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimientos sobre los daños del consumo de drogas en los adolescentes de la secundaria básica "Martín Klein" de Varadero. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal en 228 estudiantes. Se recogieron las variables: nivel de conocimientos, nivel de escolaridad, lugar y frecuencia de consumo. Para medir el nivel de conocimientos se utilizó un cuestionario de seis preguntas, tres cerradas y tres mixtas. Resultados: El 64,9 por ciento de los estudiantes resultó con conocimientos medianos sobre los daños que ocasionan las drogas; el 98,2 por ciento reconoce como drogas al tabaco/cigarro, cocaína y marihuana. El 85,1 por ciento ha obtenido información sobre el tema a través de la televisión, la familia y profesor; el 94,7 por ciento reconoce que el consumo de sustancias es perjudicial para la salud. Predominan los no consumidores de sustancias (66,7 por ciento), y los que consumen, alcohol y cigarros, los fines de semana. Conclusiones: Poseen conocimientos medianos sobre los daños que para la salud ocasionan las drogas; reconocen al tabaco, la cocaína y la marihuana, como drogas. Las mayores fuentes de información fueron la televisión, la familia y el profesor. Identifican que el consumo de drogas deteriora la salud física y mental. Predominan los abstemios, seguido de los que usan alcohol y fuman cigarros en centros recreativos, los fines de semana(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: The abuse of substances by adolescents and young people is a health problem that worries health professionals, parents and educators. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge about the harms of drug use in adolescents of the "Martín Klein" secondary school in Varadero. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study in 228 students. The variables were collected; level of knowledge, level of schooling, place and frequency of consumption. To measure the level of knowledge, a questionnaire of six questions, three closed and three mixed, was used. Results: 64.9 percent of the students were found with medium knowledge about the damage caused by drugs; 98.2 percent recognize tobacco / cigar, cocaine and marijuana as drugs. 85, 1 percent have obtained information on the subject through television, family and teacher; 94.7 percent acknowledge that the consumption of substances is harmful to health. Predominant non-consumers of substances (66.7 percent), and those who consume, alcohol and cigars, on weekends. Conclusions: They have medium knowledge about the damages caused by drugs to health; they recognize tobacco / cigar, cocaine and marijuana as drugs. The main sources of information were television, the family and the teacher. They identify that drug use impairs physical and mental health. The abstainers predominate, followed by those who use alcohol and smoke cigars in recreational centers, on weekends(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Estudantes , Cannabis , Cocaína , Conhecimento , Etanol , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
2.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 16(5): 178-187, sep.-oct. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-739855

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de caso de una paciente de 45 años de edad y con antecedentes de ser seropositiva al VIH, que había comenzado hacía 10 días con agitación y un aumento de volumen de los miembros inferiores, adenopatías y fiebre diaria; todo esto unido a un decaimiento marcado. Después de varios días de ingresada comenzó con vómitos. Se le realizaron los exámenes complementarios, que en su mayoría fueron normales, sólo presentó la hemoglobina ligeramente baja (10,5g/L), leucopenia a predominio de polimorfos, y al examen físico, dolor a la palpación y movilización tanto activa como pasiva, así como un edema de ambos miembros inferiores; también se apreció gran irritabilidad. Se le realizó una tomografía axial computarizada conluyendo se trataba de una neurotoxoplasmosis. Los autores revisan el tema y ofrecen sus experiencias en el manejo del caso.


It was carried out the presentation of a 45 year-old patient with antecedents of being seropositive to the HIV and that had begun 10 days ago with agitation and increase of the inferior members' volume and daily fevers. All this together to a marked decline after several days of having entered began with vomits. They were carried out the complementary ones that were majority normal, it presented lightly low hemoglobin (105g/L), leucopenia to polimorfos prevalence, and to the physical exam, the pain to the palpatión and mobilization so much active as passive, as well as the edema of both inferior members, great irritability, and a axial computaraizer tomographi was also appreciated that it concluded that it was a Neurotoxoplasmosis. The authors revise the topic and they narrate their experiences in the handling of the case.

3.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 16(5)oct. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-51620

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio de caso de una paciente de 45 años de edad y con antecedentes de ser seropositiva al VIH, que había comenzado hacía 10 días con agitación y un aumento de volumen de los miembros inferiores, adenopatías y fiebre diaria; todo esto unido a un decaimiento marcado. Después de varios días de ingresada comenzó con vómitos. Se le realizaron los exámenes complementarios, que en su mayoría fueron normales, sólo presentó la hemoglobina ligeramente baja (10,5g/L), leucopenia a predominio de polimorfos, y al examen físico, dolor a la palpación y movilización tanto activa como pasiva, así como un edema de ambos miembros inferiores; también se apreció gran irritabilidad. Se le realizó una tomografía axial computarizada conluyendo se trataba de una neurotoxoplasmosis. Los autores revisan el tema y ofrecen sus experiencias en el manejo del caso(AU)


It was carried out the presentation of a 45 year-old patient with antecedents of being seropositive to the HIV and that had begun 10 days ago with agitation and increase of the inferior members' volume and daily fevers. All this together to a marked decline after several days of having entered began with vomits. They were carried out the complementary ones that were majority normal, it presented lightly low hemoglobin (105g/L), leucopenia to polimorfos prevalence, and to the physical exam, the pain to the palpatión and mobilization so much active as passive, as well as the edema of both inferior members, great irritability, and a axial computaraizer tomographi was also appreciated that it concluded that it was a Neurotoxoplasmosis. The authors revise the topic and they narrate their experiences in the handling of the case(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Intoxicação , Intoxicação/complicações
4.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 16(3)jun. 2012. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-50386

RESUMO

El Tai Chi Chuan es un arte marcial efectivo como ejercicio para prolongar la vida. Con el objetivo de demostrar la eficacia de la práctica del Tai Chi en los ancianos para mejorar la longevidad, se realizó una investigación de intervención-acción, durante el año 2009-2010. El universo y la muestra de estudio lo constituyeron 60 ancianos que practican Tai Chi en el Círculo Viento de Otoño del Municipio Pinar del Río. Los datos fueron recogidos a través de las historias clínicas individuales y una encuesta elaborada por el autor; se obtuvieron datos generales de los pacientes, así como las variables para su estudio: la edad, sexo, polifarmacia, evaluación geriátrica: psicológica, social, biomédica y funcional. Los datos cualitativos se resumieron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales. Se realizaron pruebas de comparación de proporciones para probar la existencia o no de diferencias significativas en algunos indicadores, antes y después de la práctica del Tai Chi. Se pudo apreciar que la edad más frecuente fue de 60-64 años del sexo femenino. Después del ejercicio de Tai Chi: disminuyó la polifarmacia, se evidenció una convalecencia psicológica, en la evaluación biomédica y social hubo una ligera rehabilitación. La evaluación social fue la única prueba que no presentó diferencias significativas en las proporciones de ancianos con ligero riesgo social antes y después de la práctica. La mayoría de los ancianos se tornaron independientes para realizar las actividades instrumentadas de la vida diaria(AU)


Tai Chi Chuan is a martial art which is very effective to prolong life. A study aimed at showing the effectiveness of Tai Chi in the elderly was carried out by means of an intervention-action research during 2009-2010. The target group and the sample of the study were comprised of 60 old people who practice Tai Chi at Viento de Otoño Circle, Pinar del Rio municipality. Data were collected from the individual clinical histories and from a survey prepared by the author; obtaining the general data of patients, together with the variables: age, sex, polypharmacy, geriatric assessment (psychological, social, biomedical and functional view points). Qualitative data were summed up in absolute frequencies and relative percentages. Comparison of proportion tests to prove the existence or not of significant differences in some indicators, before and after the practice of Tai Chi. The most frequent group of ages was 60-64 where female sex prevailed. After the practice of Tai Chi: polypharmacy decreased, evidencing psychological convalescence, and observing a mild rehabilitation in the biomedical plus social assessment. Social appraisal was the only that did not present significant differences regarding the proportion of old people with mild social risks before and after Tai Chi practice. The majority of the old people became independent to perform instrumented daily-life activities(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tai Chi Chuan/métodos , Longevidade/fisiologia , Polimedicação , Avaliação Geriátrica/classificação
5.
Acute Card Care ; 13(1): 21-9, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21244229

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency and the factors associated with performance of echocardiography in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients during their stay in intensive care units or coronary care units (ICU/CCU). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study including all patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome-unstable angina (UA), acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-included in the 'ARIAM' Spanish multi-centre register. The study period was from June 1996 to December 2005. The follow-up period is limited to the time of stay in the Intensive Care Units or Coronary Care Units (ICUs/CCUs). A univariate analysis was carried out on the patients with UA and AMI according to whether or not echocardiograms were performed during their stay in ICU/CCU. In addition the data was evaluated for any temporal variation in the performance of echocardiography, and two multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the factors associated with performance of echocardiography in UA and AMI patients. RESULTS: The study period included 45,688 AMI patients and 17,277 UA patients. Echocardiograms were performed in 26.87% AMI patients and 16.75% UA patients. In total, 15,172 echocardiograms were performed in ACS patients (23.6%). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the variables associated with the performance of echocardiography in UA were: Killip and Kimball class, cigarette smoking, family history of cardiovascular events, cardiogenic shock, uncontrolled angina, mechanical ventilation and treatment with ACE inhibitors, while the presence of previous AMI was associated with fewer echocardiograms being performed. In AMI, the multivariate analysis showed the following variables to be associated with the performance of echocardiography: Killip and Kimball class, Q-AMI, right heart failure, the need for insertion of Swan-Ganz catheter, cardiogenic shock, high-degree AV block and the administration of ACE inhibitors, while age was associated with fewer being performed. Over the 10 years of the study period, there was a discrete but significant increase in the use of echocardiography in patients in ICU/CCU. CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography is not commonly used in ACS patients while in ICU/CCU. UA and AMI patients who did have echocardiograms during their stay in ICU/CCU were chiefly those presenting heart failure and major complications, and represent a subpopulation with poor prognosis. The performance of echocardiography in ACS patients increased slightly over the length of their stay in ICU/CCU.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Angina Instável/diagnóstico por imagem , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Ecocardiografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Ecocardiografia/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 14(1): 138-148, ene.-mar. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-739364

RESUMO

Durante el proceso de universalización se adoptan distintas formas de organización de la enseñanza (FOE), siendo la principal la Educación en el Trabajo. El pase de visita en la comunidad es una modalidad de esta en los nuevos escenarios, debe ser preparada, organizada y dirigida por el profesor integral del consultorio. Se puede realizar en el PPU, domicilio, hogares maternos y de ancianos. Consta de varias etapas: organización exhaustiva de la actividad, etapa previa (estudio individual, recolección de datos, método clínico), presentación del paciente, (contexto familiar e higiénico-epidemiológico), análisis colectivo (pirámide docente), conclusiones (evalúa, corrige, motiva, esclarece, demuestra, orienta, aporta, enfatiza y comprueba), estudio individual y autoaprendizaje. Esta actividad desarrollada en la Atención Primaria de Salud con estas características, ha logrado integrar los aspectos clínicos, ambientales, familiares e higiénicos-epidemiológicos donde se desenvuelve el paciente.


During the universalization process different forms of organizing learning process are introduced, being Education in Work the most important. Medical rounds in the community is a modality in the new contexts, the rounds must be prepared, organized and directed by the comprehensive professor of the Doctor's Office. The medical rounds can be conducted in the University Polyclinic, houses, maternal and old people's homes; having several stages: an exhaustive organization of the activity, a previous preparation (individual study, collection of data, clinical method), patient's presentation (familial and hygienic-epidemiologic context), collective analysis (teaching pyramid), conclusions (evaluate, correct, encourage, elucidate, demonstrate, advise, contribute, emphasize and confirm), individual study and self-learning. This activity, having these characteristics in Primary Health Care, facilitates the integration of the clinical, environmental, familial and hygienic-epidemiologic aspects where the patient becomes involve.

7.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 14(1): 149-158, ene.-mar. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-739365

RESUMO

Un dilema de las facultades y escuelas de Medicina ha sido la evaluación del progreso de los estudiantes a la largo de la carrera. Durante años esta evaluación estuvo dirigida solamente a medir los conocimientos que los estudiantes obtienen en cada disciplina académica. La evaluación del aprendizaje es una parte esencial del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que nos posibilita su propia dirección, así como el control y la valoración de los modos de actuación que los estudiantes adquieren a través del desarrollo del proceso docente. Las estrategias para el desarrollo de las asignaturas, Propedéutica Clínica y Semiología Médica y de Medicina Interna, están diseñadas de manera tal que permita estimular a los estudiantes en su auto preparación y dotarlos de herramientas y conocimientos básicos en el desarrollo de habilidades necesarias al no contar en el consultorio médico con un registro permanente de las evaluaciones de los estudiantes en estas asignaturas, se decidió por el claustro de profesores de tercer año de la carrera pertenecientes al Policlínico Turcios Lima de Pinar del Río, durante el curso 2008-2009, confeccionar uno en forma de tarjeta que contemplara los principales aspectos a tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de los conocimientos y habilidades obtenidas por los educandos durante su estancia, con el objetivo de controlar de forma sistemática y uniforme la evaluación del estudiante en su desempeño en estas estancias como futuro Médico General Integral.


The evaluation of students' learning development along medical studies has been a dilemma for the medical schools and universities. During many years this evaluation was aimed at measuring knowledge acquisition in each academic discipline. Learning evaluation is an essential part of the teaching-learning process making its direction possible, as well as the control and the assessment of behavior manners that students acquire through the development of the teaching process. The strategies to learn about the development of the subjects: Clinical Propedeutics, Medical Semiology and Internal Medicine are designed to encourage students' self-training and to provide the basic tools and knowledge to develop the necessary skills. A permanent record to evaluate students' development in these subjects does not exist in the doctor's office; thus the teaching staff of the 3rd academic year at "Turcios Lima" Outpatient Teaching Clinic in Pinar del Rio (2008-2009), decided to prepare a card which includes the main aspects to be considered through the development of knowledge and skills during the stay-period with the purpose of controlling systematically and consistently the evaluation of the students' performance during the stay-period as future Comprehensive Doctors.

8.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 14(1)ene. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-42441

RESUMO

Un dilema de las facultades y escuelas de Medicina ha sido la evaluación del progreso de los estudiantes a la largo de la carrera. Durante años esta evaluación estuvo dirigida solamente a medir los conocimientos que los estudiantes obtienen en cada disciplina académica. La evaluación del aprendizaje es una parte esencial del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que nos posibilita su propia dirección, así como el control y la valoración de los modos de actuación que los estudiantes adquieren a través del desarrollo del proceso docente. Las estrategias para el desarrollo de las asignaturas, Propedéutica Clínica y Semiología Médica y de Medicina Interna, están diseñadas de manera tal que permita estimular a los estudiantes en su auto preparación y dotarlos de herramientas y conocimientos básicos en el desarrollo de habilidades necesarias al no contar en el consultorio médico con un registro permanente de las evaluaciones de los estudiantes en estas asignaturas, se decidió por el claustro de profesores de tercer año de la carrera pertenecientes al Policlínico Turcios Lima de Pinar del Río, durante el curso 2008-2009, confeccionar uno en forma de tarjeta que contemplara los principales aspectos a tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de los conocimientos y habilidades obtenidas por los educandos durante su estancia, con el objetivo de controlar de forma sistemática y uniforme la evaluación del estudiante en su desempeño en estas estancias como futuro Médico General Integral...(AU)


The evaluation of students learning development along medical studies has been a dilemma for the medical schools and universities. During many years this evaluation was aimed at measuring knowledge acquisition in each academic discipline. Learning evaluation is an essential part of the teaching-learning process making its direction possible, as well as the control and the assessment of behavior manners that students acquire through the development of the teaching process. The strategies to learn about the development of the subjects: Clinical Propedeutics, Medical Semiology and Internal Medicine are designed to encourage students self-training and to provide the basic tools and knowledge to develop the necessary skills. A permanent record to evaluate students development in these subjects does not exist in the doctors office; thus the teaching staff of the 3rd academic year at “Turcios Lima” Outpatient Teaching Clinic in Pinar del Rio (2008-2009), decided to prepare a card which includes the main aspects to be considered through the development of knowledge and skills during the stay-period with the purpose of controlling systematically and consistently the evaluation of the students performance during the stay-period as future Comprehensive Doctors...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Estratégias de Saúde
9.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 14(1)ene. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-42440

RESUMO

Durante el proceso de universalización se adoptan distintas formas de organización de la enseñanza (FOE), siendo la principal la Educación en el Trabajo. El pase de visita en la comunidad es una modalidad de esta en los nuevos escenarios, debe ser preparada, organizada y dirigida por el profesor integral del consultorio. Se puede realizar en el PPU, domicilio, hogares maternos y de ancianos. Consta de varias etapas: organización exhaustiva de la actividad, etapa previa (estudio individual, recolección de datos, método clínico), presentación del paciente, (contexto familiar e higiénico-epidemiológico), análisis colectivo (pirámide docente), conclusiones (evalúa, corrige, motiva, esclarece, demuestra, orienta, aporta, enfatiza y comprueba), estudio individual y autoaprendizaje. Esta actividad desarrollada en la Atención Primaria de Salud con estas características, ha logrado integrar los aspectos clínicos, ambientales, familiares e higiénicos-epidemiológicos donde se desenvuelve el paciente...(AU)


During the universalization process different forms of organizing learning process are introduced, being Education in Work the most important. Medical rounds in the community is a modality in the new contexts, the rounds must be prepared, organized and directed by the comprehensive professor of the Doctors Office. The medical rounds can be conducted in the University Polyclinic, houses, maternal and old peoples homes; having several stages: an exhaustive organization of the activity, a previous preparation (individual study, collection of data, clinical method), patients presentation (familial and hygienic-epidemiologic context), collective analysis (teaching pyramid), conclusions (evaluate, correct, encourage, elucidate, demonstrate, advise, contribute, emphasize and confirm), individual study and self-learning. This activity, having these characteristics in Primary Health Care, facilitates the integration of the clinical, environmental, familial and hygienic-epidemiologic aspects where the patient becomes involve...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Planejamento Social
10.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 13(4): 106-116, oct.-dic. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-739337

RESUMO

Se realizó una investigación de Desarrollo Tecnológico, descriptiva, transversal y prospectiva, con el objetivo de evaluar el estado funcional e integral de los adultos mayores pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico No. 262, Grupo Básico de trabajo No.5, Consejo Popular "Capitán San Luís", Policlínico Universitario "Turcios Lima", Municipio Pinar del Río en el período comprendido de julio-diciembre de 2006. El universo está constituido por los 110 ancianos de nuestro consultorio, correspondiéndose con la muestra. Para la recogida de la información se utilizó el análisis de la situación de salud del sector, las historias de salud familiar e individuales, también se aplicó un cuestionario siempre bajo la voluntariedad y aceptación de las personas a participar en nuestra investigación, basado en la Escala Geriátrica de Evaluación Funcional(EGEF), así como en el Índice de Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria (ABVD) de Katz y la Escala de Actividades Instrumentadas de la Vida Diaria de Lawton-Brody. Para su análisis estadístico se aplicó el Test de proporción de variables. Los resultados demostraron que el sexo femenino (63.64 %) y las edades de 60-64 años (22.73 %) fueron los que predominaron, constatándose un envejecimiento demográfico. El uso de medicamentos se detectó en el 70 % de los gerontes mientras la movilidad y el equilibrio estaban afectados en el 60.91 % y 56.36 %, respectivamente. La memoria fue el componente de la esfera psicológica más frecuentemente afectado (56.64 %). Las mujeres presentaron mayores dificultades que los hombres en la mayoría de las esferas, y existe en ellas también un predominio de las alteraciones del estado funcional e integral. Los ancianos independientes, activos y satisfechos con la vida que llevan, se presentaron de forma más relevante en el sexo masculino.


Technological Development, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective research was conducted in order to assess the functional and general conditions of the elderly belonging to No-262 Doctor's Office, No-5 Basic Group of work "Capitan San Luis" Popular Council and "Turcios Lima" Teaching Outpatient Clinic, Pinar del Rio municipality during July-December 2006. The universe was comprised of 110 elderly attending to the Doctor's Office corresponding with the sample. To record the information an analysis of the health situation in the sector was performed, reviewing medical and familial histories, a questionnaire was applied always under voluntary nature, and the agreement of the persons to participate in the research based on the Scale of the Functional Geriatric Assessment (SFGA); as well as in the Katz's Rate of Basic Activities on Daily Life (RBADL), and the Scale of Lawton-Brody to the Instrumental Daily Activities was arranged. To the statistical analysis the Test of proportional variables was used. Results showed that female sex (63.64%) and ages 60-64 years old (22.73%) prevailed, verifying a demographic aging. The use of medications was detected in the 70% of the aged, while mobility and balance were influenced in 60.91% and 56.36%, respectively. Memory was the most affected component in the psychological sphere (56.64%). Women presented more difficulties than men in the majority of the spheres; prevailing in women disorders of the functional and general condition. The independent, active elderly, and those satisfied with their life belonged mainly to male sex.

11.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 13(4)nov. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-41708

RESUMO

Se realizó una investigación de Desarrollo Tecnológico, descriptiva, transversal y prospectiva, con el objetivo de evaluar el estado funcional e integral de los adultos mayores pertenecientes al Consultorio Médico No 262, Grupo Básico de trabajo No 5, Consejo Popular Capitán San Luís, Policlínico Universitario Turcios Lima, Municipio Pinar del Río en el período comprendido de julio diciembre de 2006. El universo está constituido por los 110 ancianos de nuestro consultorio, correspondiéndose con la muestra. Para la recogida de la información se utilizó el análisis de la situación de salud del sector, las historias de salud familiar e individuales, también se aplicó un cuestionario siempre bajo la voluntariedad y aceptación de las personas a participar en nuestra investigación, basado en la Escala Geriátrica de Evaluación Funcional (EGEF), así como en el Índice de Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria (ABVD) de Katz y la Escala de Actividades Instrumentadas de la Vida Diaria de Lawton-Brody. Para su análisis estadístico se aplicó el Test de proporción de variables. Los resultados demostraron que el sexo femenino (63.64 por ciento) y las edades de 60-64 años (22.73 por ciento) fueron los que predominaron, constatándose un envejecimiento demográfico. El uso de medicamentos se detectó en el 70 por ciento de los gerontes mientras la movilidad y el equilibrio estaban afectados en el 60,91 por ciento y 56,36 por ciento, respectivamente. La memoria fue el componente de la esfera psicológica más frecuentemente afectado (56.64 por ciento). Las mujeres presentaron mayores dificultades que los hombres en la mayoría de las esferas, y existe en ellas también un predominio de las alteraciones del estado funcional e integral. Los ancianos independientes, activos y satisfechos con la vida que llevan, se presentaron de forma más relevante en el sexo masculino...(AU)


Technological Development, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective research was conducted in order to assess the functional and general conditions of the elderly belonging to No-262 Doctors Office, No-5 Basic Group of work Capitan San Luis Popular Council and Turcios Lima Teaching Outpatient Clinic, Pinar del Rio municipality during July-December 2006. The universe was comprised of 110 elderly attending to the Doctors Office corresponding with the sample. To record the information an analysis of the health situation in the sector was performed, reviewing medical and familial histories, a questionnaire was applied always under voluntary nature, and the agreement of the persons to participate in the research based on the Scale of the Functional Geriatric Assessment (SFGA); as well as in the Katzs Rate of Basic Activities on Daily Life (RBADL), and the Scale of Lawton-Brody to the Instrumental Daily Activities was arranged. To the statistical analysis the Test of proportional variables was used. Results showed that female sex (63.64 per cent) and ages 60-64 years old (22.73 per cent) prevailed, verifying a demographic aging. The use of medications was detected in the 70 per cent of the aged, while mobility and balance were influenced in 60,91 per cent and 56,36 per cent, respectively. Memory was the most affected component in the psychological sphere (56.64 per cent). Women presented more difficulties than men in the majority of the spheres; prevailing in women disorders of the functional and general condition. The independent, active elderly, and those satisfied with their life belonged mainly to male sex...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Avaliação Geriátrica , Idoso
12.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 38(2)abr.-jun. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-40768

RESUMO

Se exponen algunas consideraciones acerca de criterios en torno a la eutanasia, así como la polémica que desde puntos de vista religiosos, políticos y económicos influyen en la discusión de este tema. Se muestra el enfoque del sistema socialista de salud donde se considera la necesidad de humanizar la situación del enfermo en fase terminal, pues la opción por la eutanasia se podría prestar a cometer abusos graves sobre los mßs desamparados obviando la responsabilidad humana y ética de ayudar a morir(AU)


Authors expose some considerations on criteria related to euthanasia, as well as the controversy that from the religious, political, and economic point of view influenced in discussion of this matter. We show the health socialist system approach where need of humanize the situation of sick persons is considered, since euthanasia option could be a reason to commit severe abuses in the more helpless obviating human ethics and responsibility of to help to dye(AU)


Assuntos
Eutanásia/ética , Seguridade Social/ética , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Política
13.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 38(2)abr.-jun. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-547112

RESUMO

Se exponen algunas consideraciones acerca de criterios en torno a la eutanasia, así como la polémica que desde puntos de vista religiosos, políticos y económicos influyen en la discusión de este tema. Se muestra el enfoque del sistema socialista de salud donde se considera la necesidad de humanizar la situación del enfermo en fase terminal, pues la opción por la eutanasia se podría prestar a cometer abusos graves sobre los mßs desamparados obviando la responsabilidad humana y ética de ayudar a morir.


Authors expose some considerations on criteria related to euthanasia, as well as the controversy that from the religious, political, and economic point of view influenced in discussion of this matter. We show the health socialist system approach where need of humanize the situation of sick persons is considered, since euthanasia option could be a reason to commit severe abuses in the more helpless obviating human ethics and responsibility of to help to dye.


Assuntos
Seguridade Social/ética , Eutanásia/ética , Política , Fatores Socioeconômicos
14.
Med Sci Monit ; 15(6): CR280-9, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19478698

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate patients with unstable angina (UA) and the predictive factors of these arrhythmias and to determine whether this complication behaves as an independent variable with regard to mortality, increased length of stay in an ICU/CCU, and the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MATERIAL/METHODS: The retrospective cohort study included all patients diagnosed with UA and included in the Spanish "ARIAM" database between June 1996 and December 2005. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with these arrhythmias. 17,616 patients were included. RESULTS: Sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) occurred in 0.5%. The factors associated with its development were age, cardiogenic shock, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. SVT was associated with mortality (adjusted OR: 9.836, 95%CI: 1.81-53.33). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 1%. In the multivariate study the variables that persistently associated independently with the development of VF were gender, Killip class, and high degree atrioventricular block (HDAVB). VF was associated with higher mortality (27.1% vs. 0.9%). Nevertheless, VF was not seen to be a variable independently associated with mortality in UA patients. Only VF was an independent variable in length of stay (adjusted OR: 2.059, 95%CI: 1.175-3.609). Neither SVT nor VF were independent variables associated with PCI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with UA complicated by SVT or VF represent a special high-risk subgroup with poor prognosis, which could lead to their being stratified towards a poor prognosis subgroup.


Assuntos
Angina Instável/complicações , Bases de Dados Factuais , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Fibrilação Ventricular/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada
15.
Rev cienc méd pinar río ; 11(2/1)ene. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-35722

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio transversal con los estudiantes del quinto semestre de la carrera de Medicina en el curso 2006 2007 pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario “Luis Augusto Turcios Lima” de Pinar del Río, con el fin de precisar la opinión de los estudiantes sobre el Proceso Docente en el Proyecto Policlínico Universitario (PPU). Se aplicó un cuestionario a la totalidad de los estudiantes y se recogieron las opiniones de estudiantes y profesores vinculados a este proceso. Los datos fueron expresados en cifras absolutas y relativas. Dentro de los principales resultados encontramos que el 100 por ciento de estos aceptan el Proyecto de Policlínico Universitario, las mayores dificultades se presentaron en las asignaturas de Farmacología e Inglés. La calidad de las Teleclases y Talleres de Imágenes como formas de organización de la enseñanza en la asignatura Propedéutica Clínica fueron evaluadas de regular. Se concluye que es satisfactorio el Proceso Docente del quinto semestre en el PPU (AU)


A cross sectional research with those medical students enrolled in 5th academic term of the course 2006-2007 belonging to “Luis Augusto Turcios Lima¨ University Outpatient Clinic in Pinar del Rio municipality was conducted with the purpose of knowing the students opinion about the Teaching Process in the new project of University Outpatient Clinic. A questionnaire was applied to the total of the students and the opinions of the students and professors inserted in this process were recorded. Data were expressed in absolute and relative figures. Among the most important results it was found that 100 por ciento of them accepted the new project . The subjects of Pharmacology and English presented the main difficulties. The quality of the Tele-classes and Workshop of Images as ways to organize learning process in the subject of Clinical Propedeutics obtained an evaluation of fair. Concluding that the teaching process on the 5th academic term in the University Outpatient Clinic was satisfactory (AU)


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Docentes , Avaliação Educacional
16.
Rev. cienc. med. Pinar Rio ; 11(2): 28-39, abr.-jun. 2007.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-739446

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio transversal con los estudiantes del quinto semestre de la carrera de Medicina en el curso 2006 - 2007 pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima" de Pinar del Río, con el fin de precisar la opinión de los estudiantes sobre el Proceso Docente en el Proyecto Policlínico Universitario (PPU). Se aplicó un cuestionario a la totalidad de los estudiantes y se recogieron las opiniones de estudiantes y profesores vinculados a este proceso. Los datos fueron expresados en cifras absolutas y relativas. Dentro de los principales resultados encontramos que el 100% de estos aceptan el Proyecto de Policlínico Universitario, las mayores dificultades se presentaron en las asignaturas de Farmacología e Inglés. La calidad de las Teleclases y Talleres de Imágenes como formas de organización de la enseñanza en la asignatura Propedéutica Clínica fueron evaluadas de regular. Se concluye que es satisfactorio el Proceso Docente del quinto semestre en el PPU.


A cross sectional research with those medical students enrolled in 5th academic term of the course 2006-2007 belonging to "Luis Augusto Turcios Lima¨ University Outpatient Clinic in Pinar del Rio municipality was conducted with the purpose of knowing the students' opinion about the Teaching Process in the new project of University Outpatient Clinic. A questionnaire was applied to the total of the students and the opinions of the students and professors inserted in this process were recorded. Data were expressed in absolute and relative figures. Among the most important results it was found that 100% of them accepted the new project . The subjects of Pharmacology and English presented the main difficulties. The quality of the Tele-classes and Workshop of Images as ways to organize learning process in the subject of Clinical Propedeutics obtained an evaluation of fair. Concluding that the teaching process on the 5th academic term in the University Outpatient Clinic was satisfactory.

17.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 128(8): 281-90; quiz 3 p following 320, 2007 Mar 03.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17338861

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this project is to investigate the factors predicting mortality and mean length of stay in patients diagnosed with unstable angina (UA) during admission to the Intensive Care Unit or Critical Care Unit (ICU/CCU). PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective cohort study including all the UA patients listed in the Spanish ARIAM register. The study period comprised from June, 1996 to December, 2003. The follow-up period is limited to the stay in the ICU/CCU. One univariate analysis was performed between deceased and live patients; and another between prolonged and non-prolonged stay patients. Three multivariate analyses were also performed; one to evaluate the factors related to mortality, another to evaluate the variables associated to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and another to evaluate the factors associated to the prolonged mean stay in ICU/CCU. RESULTS: 14,096 patients with UA were included in the study. The UA mortality rate during ICU/CCU admission was 1.1%. Mortality was associated to Killip classification, age, the need for CPR, development of cardiogenic shock, development of arrhythmia (such as VF, sinus tachycardia or high-degree atrioventricular block) and diabetes; whereas patients who smoke were associated to a lower mortality rate. PCI was only performed in 1,226 patients (8.9%), increasing over the years. The PCI-predicting variables were: age, being referred from another hospital, smoking, presenting prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI), complications consisting of cardiogenic shock or high-degree atrioventricular block and being treated with oral beta blockers. The mean length of stay in ICU/CCU was 3.15 (18.65) days (median, 2 days), depending on age, a coronariography having previously been performed, the Killip classification, having required coronariography and PCI or echocardiography or mechanical ventilation, and presenting complications such as angina that is difficult to control, arrhythmia, right ventricular failure or death. CONCLUSIONS: The factors are associated to mortality were; greater age, diabetes, Killip classification, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock and the need for CPR, whereas smoking is associated to a lower mortality rate. The patients on whom PCI was performed represent a less severe population. Management has changed over the years, with an increase in PCI. A prolonged mean length of stay is associated to the appearance of arrhythmia, right or left heart failure, angina that is difficult to control, age and PCI.


Assuntos
Angina Instável/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angina Instável/diagnóstico , Angina Instável/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Causas de Morte , Angiografia Coronária , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos/estatística & dados numéricos , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha/epidemiologia
18.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 128(8): 281-290, mar. 2007. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054509

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es investigar los factores predictores de mortalidad y la estancia media de los pacientes diagnosticados de angina inestable (AI) durante su ingreso en las unidades de cuidados intensivos o unidades de cuidados coronarios (UCI/UCC). Pacientes y método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que incluyó a los pacientes del registro español ARIAM (Análisis del Retraso en el Infarto Agudo de Miocardio). El período de estudio comprendió de junio de 1996 a diciembre de 2003. Su seguimiento se limitó a UCI/UCC. Se realizó un análisis univariante entre los pacientes fallecidos y los vivos y otro entre los pacientes con estancia prolongada y no prolongada. Se realizaron además 3 análisis multivariantes con el objetivo de evaluar los factores relacionados con la mortalidad, las variables asociadas a la realización de intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) y los factores asociados a la estancia media prolongada en UCI/UCC. Resultados: Se incluyó a 14.096 pacientes con AI. La mortalidad fue del 1,1% y se asoció a la clase Killip, edad, necesidad de reanimación cardiopulmonar y presencia de shock cardiogénico, arritmias y diabetes; mientras que los pacientes fumadores se asociaron a una menor mortalidad. Se realizó ICP sólo a 1.226 (8,9%) pacientes, aunque su realización se incrementó con los años. La ICP se asoció a edad, traslado interhospitalario, tabaquismo, infarto de miocardio previo, shock cardiogénico o ante el bloqueo auriculoventricular de alto grado (BAVAG) y tratamiento con bloqueadores beta. La estancia media (desviación estándar) fue de 3,15 (18,65) días. La estancia media prolongada dependió de la edad, haber sido sometido a una coronariografía o ICP, clase Killip, ecocardiografía o ventilación mecánica y presentar complicaciones graves. Conclusiones: La mortalidad se explica por la comorbilidad y la gravedad de la isquemia. Los pacientes a los que se realiza ICP son una población menos grave, y su realización con el tiempo se incrementa. La estancia media prolongada se asocia a la mayor gravedad de la isquemia miocárdica y a la ICP


Background and objective: The objective of this project is to investigate the factors predicting mortality and mean length of stay in patients diagnosed with unstable angina (UA) during admission to the Intensive Care Unit or Critical Care Unit (ICU/CCU). Patients and method: A retrospective cohort study including all the UA patients listed in the Spanish ARIAM register. The study period comprised from June, 1996 to December, 2003. The follow-up period is limited to the stay in the ICU/CCU. One univariate analysis was performed between deceased and live patients; and another between prolonged and non-prolonged stay patients. Three multivariate analyses were also performed; one to evaluate the factors related to mortality, another to evaluate the variables associated to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and another to evaluate the factors associated to the prolonged mean stay in ICU/CCU. Results: 14,096 patients with UA were included in the study. The UA mortality rate during ICU/CCU admission was 1.1%. Mortality was associated to Killip classification, age, the need for CPR, development of cardiogenic shock, development of arrhythmia (such as VF, sinus tachycardia or high-degree atrioventricular block) and diabetes; whereas patients who smoke were associated to a lower mortality rate. PCI was only performed in 1,226 patients (8.9%), increasing over the years. The PCI-predicting variables were: age, being referred from another hospital, smoking, presenting prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI), complications consisting of cardiogenic shock or high-degree atrioventricular block and being treated with oral beta blockers. The mean length of stay in ICU/CCU was 3.15 (18.65) days (median, 2 days), depending on age, a coronariography having previously been performed, the Killip classification, having required coronariography and PCI or echocardiography or mechanical ventilation, and presenting complications such as angina that is difficult to control, arrhythmia, right ventricular failure or death. Conclusions: The factors are associated to mortality were; greater age, diabetes, Killip classification, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock and the need for CPR, whereas smoking is associated to a lower mortality rate. The patients on whom PCI was performed represent a less severe population. Management has changed over the years, with an increase in PCI. A prolonged mean length of stay is associated to the appearance of arrhythmia, right or left heart failure, angina that is difficult to control, age and PCI


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Angina Instável/mortalidade , Angina Instável/diagnóstico , Angina Instável/terapia , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Causas de Morte , Angiografia Coronária , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos/estatística & dados numéricos , Eletrocardiografia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
19.
Bol med gen integral ; 8(3)jul.-sep. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-26390

RESUMO

Se realiz¢ un estudio descriptivo transversal en las 55 adolescentes que asistieron a la consulta de Planificaci¢n Familiar del Policl¡nico Docente: “ Turcios Limas ” del municipio de Pinar del R¡o en el per¡odo de enero a diciembre del 2002 con el objetivo de identificar los m‚todos anticonceptivos conocidos por estas adolescentes. Los datos se llevaron a tablas y se le aplic¢ el m‚todo estad¡stico porcentual. Los principales resultados que ofrece este trabajo fueron: el grupo de j¢venes de 16 19 a¤os que representa el 54,6 por ciento corresponde al grupo que comenzaron por primera vez las relaciones sexuales. Las adolescentes que m s asistieron a consulta son las del  rea urbana (32 casos). Los m‚todos anticonceptivos m s conocidos por ellos son en orden decreciente: cond¢n (41.O por ciento), tabletas anticonceptivas (18.8 por ciento) y los dispositivos intrauterinos (16.4 por ciento). En cuanto a los criterios expuestos acerca de la protecci¢n que brinda el preservativo contra infecciones de transmisi¢n sexual y v¡as por la cual recibieron la informaci¢n se ofrecen estad¡sticas de cada una de ellas...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Anticoncepção , Planejamento Familiar , Anticoncepcionais Femininos
20.
Chest ; 125(3): 831-40, 2004 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15006939

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The paradoxical effect of smoking after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a phenomenon consisting of a reduction in the mortality of smokers compared to nonsmokers. However, it is not known whether the benefit of this reduction in mortality is due to smoking itself or to other covariables. Despite acceptance of the paradoxical effect of smoking in AMI, it is not known whether a similar phenomenon occurs in unstable angina. The objective of this study was to investigate the paradoxical effect of smoking in AMI and unstable angina, and to study specifically whether smoking is an independent prognostic variable. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population was selected from the multicentric ARIAM (Análisis del Retraso en el Infarto Agudo de Miocardio [analysis of delay in AMI]) Register, a register of 29,532 patients with a diagnosis of unstable angina or AMI. Tobacco smokers were younger, presented fewer cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension, fewer previous infarcts, a lower Killip and Kimball class, and a lower crude and adjusted mortality in AMI (odds ratio, 0.774; 95% confidence interval, 0.660 to 0.909; p = 0.002). Smokers with unstable angina were younger, with less hypertension or diabetes. In the multivariate analysis, no statistically significant difference in mortality was found. CONCLUSIONS: The reduced mortality observed in smokers with AMI during their stay in the ICU cannot be explained solely by clinical covariables such as age, sex, other cardiovascular factors, Killip and Kimball class, or treatment received. Therefore, smoking may have a direct beneficial effect on reduced mortality in the AMI population. The lower mortality rates found in smokers with unstable angina are not supported by the multivariate analysis. In this case, the difference in mortality can be explained by the other covariables.


Assuntos
Angina Instável/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Fumar , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Taxa de Sobrevida
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