Radiation dose rates now and in the future for residents neighboring restricted areas of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

Radiation dose rates were evaluated in three areas neighboring a restricted area within a 20- to 50-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in August-September 2012 and projected to 2022 and 2062. Study participants wore personal dosimeters measuring external dose equivalents, almost entirely from deposited radionuclides (groundshine). External dose rate equivalents owing to the accident averaged 1.03, 2.75, and 1.66 mSv/y in the village of Kawauchi, the Tamano area of Soma, and the Haramachi area of Minamisoma, respectively. Internal dose rates estimated from dietary intake of radiocesium averaged 0.0058, 0.019, and 0.0088 mSv/y in Kawauchi, Tamano, and Haramachi, respectively. Dose rates from inhalation of resuspended radiocesium were lower than 0.001 mSv/y. In 2012, the average annual doses from radiocesium were close to the average background radiation exposure (2 mSv/y) in Japan. Accounting only for the physical decay of radiocesium, mean annual dose rates in 2022 were estimated as 0.31, 0.87, and 0.53 mSv/y in Kawauchi, Tamano, and Haramachi, respectively. The simple and conservative estimates are comparable with variations in the background dose, and unlikely to exceed the ordinary permissible dose rate (1 mSv/y) for the majority of the Fukushima population. Health risk assessment indicates that post-2012 doses will increase lifetime solid cancer, leukemia, and breast cancer incidences by 1.06%, 0.03% and 0.28% respectively, in Tamano. This assessment was derived from short-term observation with uncertainties and did not evaluate the first-year dose and radioiodine exposure. Nevertheless, this estimate provides perspective on the long-term radiation exposure levels in the three regions.

[The trial of the domiciliary nutrition support team in which a home medical care office offers].

The function of home care support by a medical office is to offer the best medical care for the patient. It is essential that the medical office is capable of taking a call 24-hour a day and 365-day a year from a patient who needs help at home. Our medical office was specialized in home care treatment. Furthermore, we offer a home rehabilitation or a home nutrition education to the patient. On the other hand, a nutritional support is important as well as medical supports. To offer a high quality medical care at home, we created a nutrient support system in our hospital, and formed an at-home nutrition support team(at-home NST). The team is consisted of a medical staff and dietitian, a physical therapist and a speech therapist. As a result of the at-home NST, We improved the followings: (1) we were able to collect a nutritional data basis including a patient 's height and weight, (2) we made a good use of patient's eating habit at home during the medical treatment, and (3) we could make a good use of medical service to a home care patient by managing the information accumulated by nutritional surveillance. In multidisciplinary collaboration, at-home NST can grasp a versatility status of the patient positively. We continue to offer a medical care that is demanded from a home care patient because the activity of the at-home NST raises a quality of medical service we provide.