Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in a Safety Net Hospital: Substance Abuse and Other Factors Affecting Short-term Complications.

BACKGROUND: Arthroplasty outcomes and patient risk factors have not been studied in detail in safety net hospital settings. This study examines the relationship between selected risk factors and short-term complications in such a population, including a large subgroup with treated substance abuse. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study contains 486 consecutive patients after primary hip and knee arthroplasty. One hundred three of these had a history of substance abuse and completed a 1-year sobriety pathway preoperatively. Primary outcomes included the presence of any complication, deep infection, and reoperation. Bivariable analyses were used to compare outcomes with demographic and health risk factors. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. RESULTS: Adverse outcomes were more common in patients with higher rates of substance abuse, mental illness, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Substance abuse alone was not an independent risk factor for the occurrence of complications, but infections with HIV and HCV were. In the substance abuse subgroup, with its higher prevalence of risk factors, complications were more frequent (31.1% vs 16.4%, P = .0009), and, in particular, deep infections (5.8% vs 1.8%, P = .0256). CONCLUSIONS: Specific risk factors were associated with short-term complications in safety net arthroplasty patients. Despite having completed a preoperative sobriety pathway, substance abuse patients had more complications than did others. However, substance abuse alone was not an independent risk factor for adverse surgical outcomes. Other factors, notably HCV and HIV infection that were more common in patients with substance abuse, were most closely associated with adverse outcomes.

[Brachial Plexus: Dissection At The Laboratory Of Anatomy Of Bamako]. / Plexus Brachial : Dissection Au Laboratoire D'Anatomie De Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: The brachial plexus consists of the ventral twigs of the last four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerve. It ensures the motor and sensitive innervations of the thoracic limb. AIM: Our goal was to describe the brachial plexus of the cervical region to the middle third of the arm. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a prospective study at the anatomy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry in Bamako from September 2016 to October 2017. We dissected the brachial plexus (PB) of 13 fresh adult corpses on both sides. The inclusion criteria were: Fresh adult corpses with cervical regions and brachial without scarring. The injected or scar-carrying corpses were not included in the cervical and brachial regions. RESULTS: Twenty-six brachial plexus of which 18 bp in men and 8 bp in women were dissected. The average age of the subjects was 42 years (extreme: 18 and 70 years). We noted nerve block variations in 3.8%, fascicular in 3.8% and late terminal in 73.1%. The involvement of the anterior branch of the fourth spinal nerve (C4) was found in 46.2%. CONCLUSION: The brachial plexus is the seat of many anatomical variations whose knowledge is indispensable to treat its lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Le plexus brachial est constitué des rameaux ventraux des quatre derniers nerfs cervicaux et du premier nerf thoracique. Il assure l'innervation motrice et sensitive du membre thoracique. BUT: Notre but était de décrire le plexus brachial de la région cervicale au tiers moyen du bras. MÉTHODE: nous avons réalisé une étude prospective au laboratoire d'anatomie de la Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie de Bamako de septembre 2016 à octobre 2017. Nous avons disséqué des deux côtés les plexus brachiaux (PB)de 13 cadavres frais d'adultes. Les critères d'inclusion étaient : cadavres frais d'adulte avec les régions cervicale et brachiale sans cicatrice. N'ont pas été inclus les cadavres injectés ou porteurs de cicatrice au niveau des régions cervicale et brachiale. RÉSULTATS: Vingt-six plexus brachiaux dont 18 PB chez les hommes et 8 PB chez les femmes ont été disséqués. L'âge moyen des sujets était de 42 ans (extrême : 18 et 70 ans). Nous avons noté des variations tronculaires dans 3,8%, fasciculaires dans 3,8% et en fin terminales dans 73,1%. La participation du rameau antérieur du quatrième nerf spinal cervical (C4) a été trouvée dans 46,2%. CONCLUSION: Le plexus brachial est le siège de nombreuses variations anatomiques dont la connaissance est indispensable pour traiter ses lésions.

[Situation of the new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smears follow up in the reference center of District Center, Dakar]. / Problematique de la prise en charge des nouveaux cas de tuberculose pulmonaire a frottis positif au niveau du centre de reference du District Centre de Dakar.

INTRODUCTION: In order to assess the care conformity of the new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with positive smear (TPF+) with the recommendations of the national program of fight against tuberculosis (PNT), a retrospective study on files has been made in January 1st to June 30, 2000 in the reference center of District Center, in Dakar, Senegal. METHOD: All the new cases of TPF+ were included. Were excluded the relapses, the re treatment after failure or interruption. Were successively studied: the socio-demographic characteristics, the patient's status, and the quality of the bacteriological and the therapeutic follow-up. RESULTS: According to the reports, 115 new cases were counted. In contrary, based on the registers, 109 new cases of TPF+ including 38 women and 71 men were counted. The follow-up gave, at the end, 58% of cure, 4% of finished treatment, 32% of abandon, 4% of failure and 3% of transfer. Discordances of the data between cards, registers and reports/rates are explained by the lack of rigour during the notification of these supports. This bad notification contributes to deteriorate the quality of the patient's follow-up, but also the quality of the cases notification. It resounds negatively on the national health information system. CONCLUSION: A qualitative survey among the providers and the abandoned treatment could be more interesting to better understand the problematic of the tuberculosis patients follow-up for the best dealt with.