Toxicité hématologique sévère du linezolide au cours du traitement de la tuberculose pharmacorésistante : A propos de deux(2) cas au service de Pneumo-Phtisiologie du CHU de Conakry

Introduction : Le linezolide est un médicament potentiellement efficace pour le traitement des patients atteints de tuberculose pharmaco-résistante. En dépit de son efficacité et sa bonne biodisponibilité, il présente des toxicités, dont celle hématologique demeure l'une des plus graves. Nous rapportons deux cas de toxicité hématologique du linézolide au cours du traitement de la tuberculose pharmacorésistante. Le premier cas concernait un patient de 65 ans traité pour une tuberculose multi-résistante avec un schéma thérapeutique contenant du linézolide. L'évolution fut marquée par la survenue d'une pancytopénie avec anémie sévère à 5,4 g et un tableau d'insuffisance rénale. L'issue fut favorable après arrêt du médicament et transfusion sanguine. Le second cas concernait un patient de 33 ans, pré XDR qui lutte contre la tuberculose depuis 10 ans avec cinq cures de chimiothérapie antituberculeuse qui se sont soldées par des échecs et résistances. Au cours de son suivi, il a présenté une bonne évolution clinique et bactériologique initiale mais rapidement était survenue une anémie sévère à 5g/dl, à cette anémie était associées des neuropathies périphériques. Le Linezolide avait été retiré du schéma thérapeutique, suivi de transfusions sanguines. La suite avait été favorable sous traitement antituberculeux et le patient fut guéri de sa tuberculose. Conclusion Le linézolide est efficace dans le traitement de la tuberculose pharmacorésistante mais présente une toxicité hématologique

Cryptococcose neuro-méningée : mortalité et facteurs associés au décès chez les patients hospitalisés au service des Maladies Infectieuses du CHNU de Fann

Introduction : La Cryptococcose Neuro-Méningée (CNM) survient souvent sur terrain d'immunodépression et surtout au cours de l'infection à VIH.Objectif : Déterminer la prévalence de la mortalité et les facteurs associés au décès. Patients et méthodes : Etude rétrospective descriptive et analytique, sur des patients hospitalisés de 2011 à 2014, des deux sexes, d'âge supérieur à 18 ans avec une CNM confirmée.Résultats : Trente-quatre cas colligés, dont 31 chez des patients VIH+ (91,1%). L'âge moyen était de 43,17 ans et la majorité avait un âge compris entre 40 et 49 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 1,26 en faveur des hommes. Ils présentaient des maladies chroniques sous-jacentes dans 11,7% des cas. Sur le plan clinique, céphalées (81,8%), fièvre au long cours (76,5%), vomissements (57,6%) et troubles de la conscience (44,1%) étaient notés. Des infections opportunistes étaient objectivées (97%) avec une prédominance de la candidose digestive. Sur le plan biologique, le taux moyen de LT CD4+ était de 117,42/mm3. L'examen direct à l'encre de Chine positif dans 11/23 cas. L'antigène cryptococcique positif dans LCR dans 16/24 cas et l'antigénémie positive pour 20/22 cas. Sur le plan évolutif, la létalité était de 57,6%. La durée de l'infection à HIV< 20 mois et les patients sans traitement ARV étaient les facteurs associés au décès.Conclusion : Dans nos régions elle est l'une des principales causes de méningo-encéphalite chez les sujets VIH+ immunodéprimés. Sa létalité est importante du fait de la non- disponibilité des antifongiques majeurs et du diagnostic tardif de l'infection à VIH

[Impact of egg laying delay on reproduction, gorging habit and mortality in gravid females Anopheles gambiae (Diptera Culicidae)]. / Impact du retard de ponte sur la reproduction, l'habitude de gorgement et la mortalité chez les femelles gravides d'Anopheles gambiae (Diptera Culicidae).

The main vector of malaria Anopheles gambiae maintains the transmission of malaria over long periods of time, because of the exceptional longevity and great ability to adapt to various environments. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of the predefined egg laying delay that characterizes long dry seasons on reproductive dynamics, feeding habit, and mortality rate of An. gambiae gravid females. For this purpose, gravid females of An. gambiae awaiting laying, previously fed with blood were kept under observation in cages for several weeks. Then, at the end of predefined periods of observation, these gravid females were individually made to lay eggs, and the development cycle of eggs was studied in comparison with eggs laid in the normal conditions (controls). In addition, the behaviour of feeding and mortality rate were studied in gravid females kept in cages, without laying, for several weeks. The results obtained show that the average egg-laying number of the control females varies little from that of the females obliged to retain their eggs in abdomen for several days. The hatching rate was 86.2% in no retention batches and 31% in a 50-day retention batches. The adults' emergence rate was 77.7% in no eggs retention batches and 18.3% for eggs laid after 50 days of retention. In the batches of eggs with 20 days of retention, the emergence rate decreased significantly 0.89 times compared to control batches. The feeding rate of gravid females increased from 96.7% at the 1st blood meal to 12.5% at the 10th. In addition, the mortality rate of gravid females awaiting for laying is 0.36 times lower than that of no gravid females.

Predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Afro-Caribbean Barbadians by comparing urine sodium excretion over different durations versus spot collection / Predicción de la excreción del sodio urinario de 24 horas en Barbadenses Afrocaribeños mediante la comparación de la excreción del sodio en la orina en diferentes periodos de tiempo en contraste con la eecogida al azar

AIM: Urinary sodium excretion is used as an assessment tool for salt intake and salt handling. Even though cumbersome, the most reliable and readily used method in clinical and epidemiological studies is the 24-hour urine collection. This study investigates other appropriate means of predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in a sample of Afro-Caribbeans in Barbados by assessing the correlation of actual and estimated urinary sodium excretion between a 24-hour urine collection sample, 12-hour (AM and PM), and spot (AM and PM) urine collections. METHOD: A convenient sample of 30 healthy participants of Afro-Caribbean origin between the ages of 21 and 55 years was recruited for the study. The 24-hour urine samples and anthropometric data were collected as documented in the study's standard clinical procedure. A 24-hour urine sample was collected as two separate 12-hour AM and PM samples. In addition, two spot samples (AM and PM) were taken during each 12-hour sample collection period. Analysis of the urinary sodium and creatinine was done with a Roche/Hitachi Modular System (Roche Diagnostics, IN, USA). SPSS version 19 was used to analyse the data to make inferences. RESULTS: Thirty Afro-Caribbean subjects participated in this study: 16 females and 14 males. The average age and body mass index (BMI) were 38 ± 17 years and 25.32 ± 5.98 kg/m2, respectively. The greatest correlation of the estimated 24-hour sodium excretion to the measured 24-hour sodium excretion was observed in the 12-hour PM sample (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.786, p < 0.001) followed by the 12-hour AM sample (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.774, p < 0.001). The PM spot sample showed a weaker, but still statistically significant correlation to the 24-hour timed sample (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.404, p < 0.045). The AM spot sample showed a very weak and insignificant correlation (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.05, p = 0.807) to the 24-hour timed sample. Similarly to the whole sample, the gender analysis demonstrated that estimated 24-hour sodium excretion in the female's 12-hour PM sample had the greatest correlation (r = 0.819, p < 0.001) to the measured 24- hour sodium excretion, followed by the 12-hour AM (r = 0.793, p = 0.001) and the PM spot samples (r = 0.741, p = 0.02). The correlation between variables is weaker in males compared to the females. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study shows a clear correlation between the estimated 24-hour sodium excretion from the 12-hour timed PM sample and the measured 24-hour sodium excretion. Such findings support the thought of using other alternatives to determine sodium excretion, in view of replacing the cumbersome 24-hour urinary collection with a smaller timed sample. Nonetheless, a more robust and randomized population sample as well as a method to correct for high creatinine variability is required to further enhance the significance of the obtained results.

OBJETIVO: La excreción del sodio en orina se utiliza como una herramienta de evaluación para la ingesta y manejo de la sal. Si bien resulta engorroso, el método más fiable y fácilmente utilizado en los estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos es la recolección de orina de 24 horas. Este estudio investiga otros medios apropiados de predicción de la excreción del sodio urinario de 24 horas en los afrocaribeños en Barbados, evaluando la correlación real y estimada de la excreción del sodio en orina entre una muestra de orina de 24 horas, 12 horas (AM y PM), y recogidas aleatorias (AM y PM). MÉTODO: Una muestra conveniente de 30 participantes sanos de origen afrocaribeño entre las edades de 21 y 55 años, fue reclutada para el estudio. Las muestras de orina de 24 horas y los datos antropométricos, fueron recogidos tal como se documenta en el procedimiento clínico estándar del estudio. Una muestra de orina de 24 horas fue recogida en forma de muestras de 12 horas AM y PM por separado. Además, se tomaron dos muestras (AM y PM) al azar durante cada periodo de recolección de muestras de 12 horas. El análisis del sodio y la creatinina urinarios fue hecho con un Sistema Modular Roche/Hitachi (Roche Diagnostic, IN, USA). La versión 19 de SPSS fue utilizada para analizar los datos para hacer las inferencias. RESULTADOS: Treinta sujetos afrocaribeños participaron en este estudio: 16 mujeres y 14 hombres. La edad media y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio fueron 38 ± 17 años y 25.32 ± 5.98 kg/m², respectivamente. La mayor correlación de la excreción estimada de sodio de 24 horas con la excreción medida de sodio 24 horas, se observó en la muestra de 12 horas PM (correlación de Pearson, r = 0.786, p < 0.001), seguida por la muestra de 12 horas AM (correlación de Pearson, r = 0.774, p < 0.001). La muestra aleatoria PM mostró una correlación más débil, pero de todos modos estadísticamente significativa con respecto a la muestra cronometrada de 24 horas (correlación de Pearson, r = 0.404, p < 0.045). La muestra aleatoria AM mostró una correlación muy débil y estadísticamente no significativa (correlación de Pearson, r = 0. 05, p = 0.807) con respecto a la muestra cronometrada de 24 horas. De modo similar a la muestra en su totalidad, el análisis de género demostró que la excreción de sodio estimada de 24 horas en la muestra PM de 12 horas de las mujeres, tenía la mayor correlación (r = 0819, p < 0.001) con respecto a la excreción de sodio medida de 24 horas, seguida por las muestras de 12 horas AM (r = 0.793, p = 0.001) y las muestras PM al azar (r = 0.741, p = 0.02). La correlación entre las variables es más débil en los varones en comparación con las hembras. CONCLUSIÓN: En general, este estudio muestra una clara correlación entre la excreción de sodio estimada de 24 horas a partir de la muestra PM cronometrada de 12 horas, y la excreción de sodio medida de 24 horas. Estos hallazgos respaldan la idea de utilizar otras alternativas para determinar la excreción de sodio, teniendo en la mira el reemplazar la engorrosa recogida de orina de 24 horas por una muestra recogida en un tiempo menor. No obstante, una muestra de población más sólida y aleatoria, así como un método para corregir la variabilidad de la creatinina alta, son necesarios para mejorar aún más la importancia de los resultados obtenidos.

Predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Afro-Caribbean Barbadians by comparing urine sodium excretion over different durations versus spot collection.

AIM: Urinary sodium excretion is used as an assessment tool for salt intake and salt handling. Even though cumbersome, the most reliable and readily used method in clinical and epidemiological studies is the 24-hour urine collection. This study investigates other appropriate means ofpredicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in a sample of Afro-Caribbeans in Barbados by assessing the correlation of actual and estimated urinary sodium excretion between a 24-hour urine collection sample, 12-hour (AM and PM), and spot (AM and PM) urine collections. METHOD: A convenient sample of 30 healthy participants of Afro-Caribbean origin between the ages of 21 and 55 years was recruited for the study. The 24-hour urine samples and anthropometric data were collected as documented in the study's standard clinical procedure. A 24-hour urine sample was collected as two separate 12-hour AM and PM samples. In addition, two spot samples (AM and PM) were taken during each 12-hour sample collection period. Analysis of the urinary sodium and creatinine was done with a Roche/Hitachi Modular System (Roche Diagnostics, IN, USA). SPSS version 19 was used to analyse the data to make inferences. RESULTS: Thirty Afro-Caribbean subjects participated in this study: 16 females and 14 males. The average age and body mass index (BMI) were 38 +/- 17 years and 25.32 +/- 5.98 kg/m2, respectively. The greatest correlation of the estimated 24-hour sodium excretion to the measured 24-hour sodium excretion was observed in the 12-hour PM sample (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.786, p < 0.001) followed by the 12-hour AM sample (Pearson's correlation, r = 0.774, p < 0.001). The PM spot sample showed a weaker, but still statistically significant correlation to the 24-hour timed sample (Pearson 's correlation, r = 0.404, p < 0.045). The AM spot sample showed a very weak and insignificant correlation (Pearson 's correlation, r = 0.05, p = 0.807) to the 24-hour timed sample. Similarly to the whole sample, the gender analysis demonstrated that estimated 24-hour sodium excretion in the female's 12-hour PM sample had the greatest correlation (r = 0.819, p < 0.001) to the measured 24-hour sodium excretion, followed by the 12-hour AM (r = 0.793, p = 0.001) and the PM spot samples (r = 0.741, p = 0.02). The correlation between variables is weaker in males compared to the females. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study shows a clear correlation between the estimated 24-hour sodium excretion from the 12-hour timed PM sample and the measured 24-hour sodium excretion. Such findings support the thought of using other alternatives to determine sodium excretion, in view of replacing the cumbersome 24-hour urinary collection with a smaller timed sample. Nonetheless, a more robust and randomized population sample as well as a method to correct for high creatinine variability is required to further enhance the significance of the obtained results.

[Giant pleomorphic adenoma of the submaxillary gland: case report]. / Adénome pléomorphe géant de la glande sous-maxillaire: à propos d'une observation.

We report an exceptional case of giant cell tumor of the submaxillary gland in a 76-year-old woman. The tumor progressed slowly over a period of 40 years. Submaxillectomy removed a 3-kg mass before fixation. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged fifteen days later. Pathology examination revealed a pleomorphous adenoma developed within the salivary gland.

[Giant pleomorphic adenoma of the submaxillar gland: a case report]. / Adénome pléomorphe géant de la glande sous-maxillaire à propos d'une observation.

The authors are reporting of an exceptional case of giant cell tumor of the submaxillar gland in a lady of 76 years old. She presents a progressively slow evolution within a period of 40 years. After a standard check up, a submaxillectomy was carded out. The weight of the operated mass was 3 kg before the pathological fixation. The post-operative period was without any problems and the patient was discharged after fifteen days. The anatomo-pathological examination concluded a pleomophic adenoma developed by the salivery gland.