RESUMO
A record analysis study was conducted on blood donors in the greater Port Moresby area to determine the trend in the number of blood donations and the profile of donors between 1985 and 1994. There was no significant change in the donation trend between 1985-1989 and 1990-1994. While there were no changes in the age distribution between these two periods, there were significant increases in female donors (from 17% to 25%) and new donors (47% to 54%) during 1990-1994. The study data show that there has been a problem in the retention of donors in the greater Port Moresby area during the 1990-1994 period.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema ABO de Grupos Sanguíneos/classificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Pressão Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Demografia , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Ocupações/classificação , Ocupações/estatística & dados numéricos , Papua Nova Guiné/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/classificação , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
About 28,000 units of blood are collected per annum. This is adequate for present needs. 11 donors have been found positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since testing started in 1987, 8 of these in the last year and a half. No case of transmission of HIV by transfusion in Papua New Guinea has been established. Although the prevalence varies in different areas, on average 15% of donors are positive for hepatitis B. The impact of these figures, future requirements for quantity of blood and the need for additional testing of donations for hepatitis C (HCV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) will require clear evaluation of the choices and firm decisions.
PIP: The Papua New Guinea Red Cross Blood Transfusion Program, a nongovernmental organization based in Port Moresby General Hospital, has an agreement with the government to "recruit and maintain suitable donor panels and collect and store blood at appropriate centers." The government provides staff (except for the Director and Deputy Director), buildings, and equipment. About 28,000 units of blood are collected each year from unpaid donors at government and church hospitals and mobile sites. Almost 50% of donors are new donors. Generally, the demand for blood is met. Donations are tested for hepatitis B and HIV. Since screening commenced in 1987, 11 donors have been found to be HIV-infected. No case of HIV transmission by transfusion has been established. On average, 15% of donors are positive for hepatitis B. Future goals include consolidation of a stable group of donors who give blood repeatedly and reliably and evaluation of the need for screening of blood supplies for hepatitis C and cytomegalovirus infections. The total annual cost of the blood transfusion program is about K200,000.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Cruz Vermelha , Fatores Etários , Pressão Sanguínea , Transfusão de Sangue/economia , Transfusão de Sangue/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue/normas , Transfusão de Sangue/tendências , Peso Corporal , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/prevenção & controle , Tomada de Decisões , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Previsões , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Hemoglobinas/análise , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , Papua Nova Guiné , Prevalência , Pulso Arterial , Reação TransfusionalRESUMO
Yirrkala is an Aboriginal community in north-east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. Residents aged five years and over participated in a survey to establish the prevalence and causes of anaemia. Eleven per cent were anaemic (haemoglobin level less than 110 g/L). Most of these were iron deficient, and this deficiency was attributed, at least in part, to hookworm infestation; 15% were folate deficient; none was vitamin B12 deficient. There was no haemoglobinopathy, thalassaemia trait or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency detected.
Assuntos
Anemia Hipocrômica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia Hipocrômica/sangue , Anemia Hipocrômica/etiologia , Austrália , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Gravidez , Saúde da População Rural , População RuralAssuntos
Contagem de Leucócitos , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Adolescente , Adulto , Austrália , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Malignant myeloma is not rare in tropical Africa. Its mode of presentation in Malawi is most often that of a tumour mass in bone. The types of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains in the tumour cells occur with a frequency similar to that observed in temperate countries.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/epidemiologia , Mieloma Múltiplo/epidemiologia , Plasmocitoma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Ósseas/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Malaui , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , Plasmocitoma/imunologiaRESUMO
Malignant myeloma is not rare in tropical Africa. Its mode of presentation in Malawi is most often that of a tumour mass in bone. The types of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains in the tumour cells occur with a frequency similar to that observed in temperate countries
Assuntos
Eritroblastose Fetal/diagnóstico , Sífilis Congênita/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Malaui , Masculino , GravidezAssuntos
Talassemia/diagnóstico , População Negra , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Lactente , Malaui , MasculinoAssuntos
Anemia Macrocítica/etiologia , Anemia Megaloblástica/etiologia , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/complicações , Mononucleose Infecciosa/etiologia , Pirimetamina/efeitos adversos , Sulfametoxazol/efeitos adversos , Trimetoprima/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Anemia Megaloblástica/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia , Humanos , Vitamina B 12/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Anemia Macrocítica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Anemia Macrocítica/diagnóstico , Anemia Macrocítica/etiologia , Exame de Medula Óssea , Criança , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/complicações , Hemoglobinometria , Humanos , Lactente , Leucopenia/complicações , Síndromes de Malabsorção/complicações , Masculino , Gravidez , Trombocitopenia/complicações , Uganda , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/complicaçõesAssuntos
Agranulocitose/complicações , Eosinofilia/complicações , População Negra , Humanos , UgandaRESUMO
Artificial blood culture systems were set up to find the dilution with medium necessary to overcome the natural antibacterial effect of blood. The results indicate that blood should be diluted at least 1 in 50 in medium unless an additive such as Liquoid is used.
Assuntos
Sangue , Meios de Cultura , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Anticoagulantes , Atividade Bactericida do Sangue , Humanos , SoluçõesRESUMO
Two newborn babies with an intact atrial septum are described. In one, the two components of the atrial septum appeared to have become fused after relatively normal initial development; the left side of this heart was hypoplastic. In the other baby the formation of the atrial septum appeared to have been completely anomalous; this heart showed mitral atresia, absence of the left ventricle, and transposition of the great vessels. There was also pulmonary lymphangiectasis in the second case, and it is suggested that this was due to the cardiac malformation obstructing pulmonary venous drainage.
