RESUMO
We demonstrate that shape-changing or morphing fins provide a new paradigm for improving the ability of vehicles to maneuver and move rapidly underwater. An ingenuous solution is employed by fish to accommodate both the need for stability of locomotion and the ability to perform tight maneuvers: Retractable fins can alter the stability properties of a vehicle to suit their particular goals. Tunas, for example, are large fish that are fast swimmers and yet they need rapid turning agility to track the smaller fish they pursue; they have perfected the use of their dorsal and ventral fins to ensure stability when retracted and rapid turning when erected. Although fish employ unsteady propulsors rather than propellers, we show that engineering rigid-hull underwater vehicles can also exploit similar solutions. We explore the basic flow mechanisms and design considerations of employing morphing fins to alter the stability and maneuvering qualities of vehicles and apply unsteady forces and moments under active control. We also show results from maneuvering simulations and experiments on a model of an underwater vehicle.
