RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Belonging is often considered a buffer against the physical and emotional consequences of discrimination and racial climate stress Youth Soc. 48(5):649-72, 2016. However, recent research suggests that feelings of belonging toward an institution can be detrimental when an individual feels discriminated against by the same institution to which one feels a sense of connection J Behav Med. 44(4):571-8, 2021. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of institutional belonging in the relationship between racial climate stress and health, as indexed by allostatic load (AL), a multi-system indicator of physiological dysregulation. METHODS: In a sample of Black and White college students (N = 150; White = 82; Black = 68), self-reported racial climate stress, institutional belonging, and various demographic variables were collected. An AL composite was also collected, comprised of six biological measures of the SAM system, HPA axis, cardiovascular system, and metabolic system. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between these variables. RESULTS: Results demonstrated no main effect of racial climate stress on AL but did show a significant interaction between racial climate stress and belonging, such that the positive relationship between racial climate stress and AL was significant only for those who also felt high levels of institutional belonging (ß int = .05, p = .006, 95% CI = 0.01 - 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Feeling a sense of belonging may have negative physiological consequences for those who experience racial climate stress in a college setting.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine whether segmental enhancement inversion was a common and characteristic finding in small (≤ 4 cm) renal oncocytomas on biphasic contrast-enhanced CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included 16 patients with 16 renal oncocytomas and 15 control patients with 15 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), matched for age and sex, who underwent biphasic contrast-enhanced MDCT at our institution. Three reviewers independently analyzed each tumor for enhancement patterns on MDCT, including the presence or absence of segmental enhancement inversion, homogeneity, and phase of peak enhancement. RESULTS: The mean and median sizes of the oncocytomas were 2.5 and 2.4 cm, respectively (range, 1.1-3.9 cm), and the mean and median sizes of the RCCs were both 2.6 cm (range, 1.4-3.9 cm). There was no significant difference in the size of the renal masses between the two groups (p = 0.50). For two reviewers, segmental enhancement inversion was not present in any of the renal masses; for one reviewer, segmental enhancement inversion was present in one oncocytoma (6%) and one RCC (7%). For all reviewers, there was no feature or enhancement pattern that was statistically significantly associated with renal oncocytoma or RCC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Segmental enhancement inversion was not a common or characteristic CT finding for renal oncocytoma and was not helpful in differentiating small renal oncocytomas from RCC.
