Babesia gibsoni genotype Asia in dogs from Brazil.

Babesia gibsoni was first recognized in India in 1910. Analysis of 18S rRNA has shown that there are at least three distinct isolates that are morphologically identical. Although organisms similar to B. gibsoni have been identified in peripheral blood smears from one dog in Brazil, this isolate has not been molecularly characterized. Accordingly, we obtained blood samples from 16 dogs with intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies. DNA was extracted and amplified with primers that detect a segment of the 18S rRNA gene of the Babesia genus. Amplicons of the expected size for B. gibsoni were observed in 4 of the 16 dogs. The sequence of the 18S rRNA yield a 460 base pair segment that had a 99% homology with the B. gibsoni genotype Asia 1. Our findings suggest that the small piroplasm that naturally infects dogs in Brazil is B. gibsoni genotype Asia.

Seroepidemiology of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in a hospital population.

Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis have a worldwide distribution with geographic variation in prevalence and main clinical manifestations. We prospectively determined seroprevalence of canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, and risk factors for seropositivity. Three hundred and eighty-one dogs were randomly selected to represent the canine population at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in south Brazil (latitude 23 degrees S). Dogs were tested with a point-of-care ELISA for Ehrlichia canis antibodies and IFA to confirm previous exposure to Babesia vogeli. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals. One hundred and thirty-six (36%) dogs were seropositive for B. vogeli antibodies, whereas 87 (23%) dogs were seropositive to E. canis antibodies. Fifty-four (14%) dogs seroreacted to both agents. Adult dogs previously infested with ticks were more likely to seroreact to B. vogeli or E. canis. Superficial bleeding (OR = 12.4) was more common in dogs exposed to B. vogeli, whereas neurological signs (OR = 7.7) were more common in dogs seropositive to E. canis. Neurological signs (OR = 12.0) and lameness (OR = 12.8) were more prevalent in dogs that seroreacted to both organisms. Owners of dogs with ticks were more likely to have been exposed to ticks themselves (OR = 3.2). Canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis appear to be highly prevalent in this hospital population. Clinical signs differed from the most common signs in other regions with bleeding occurring more in dogs seropositive to babesiosis, but not ehrlichiosis; neurologic signs in dogs with E. canis antibodies; and lameness in dogs that seroreacted to both organisms.

Farmacodermia associada a reações sistêmicas em um cão Pinscher Miniatura medicado com a associação de trimetoprim e sulfadiazina / Pharmacodermia Associated with Systemic Reactions in a Pinscher Dog Treated with Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim / Farmacodermía Asociada a Reacciones Sistémicas en un Perro Pinscher Miniatura Medicado con Asociación de Trimetoprin y Sulfadiazina

Este artigo visa relatar um caso de farmacodermia em um cão da raça Pinscher Miniatura, fêmea de cinco meses de idade. O animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, ceratoconjuntivite seca, hipertermia, desidratação e uma extensa e dolorosa dermatite ulcerativa desde a região cervical até a região lombar. Verificou-se que o animal havia sido medicado com a associação de trimetoprim e sulfadiazina. A dose utilizada do antibiótico era maior que a dose recomendada. Dentre as alterações laboratoriais encontradas observou-se necrose em toda a espessura da epiderme e derme. Apesar da terapia preconizada houve uma rápida deterioração do estado geral do animal, evoluindo para óbito. Para optar-se por uma antibioticoterapia mais segura, deve-se considerar os relatos prévios de reações a fármacos associadas a algumas raças e, além disso, estar atentos à dose terapêutica e à pesagem correta do animal.

ABSTRACT: This article aims in presenting a pharmacodermia case in a fi ve-month-old female Pinscher dog. The animal has shown apathy, anorexia, dry keratoconjunctivitis, and dehydration, extensive and very painful ulcerating dermatitis since the cervical region until the lumbar region. It has been verifi ed that the animal had been treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine association. The antibiotic dose used was bigger than the recommended one. Histopathology analysis showed epidermis and dermis necrosis. Despite of the previous therapy, there was a fast deterioration of the general state of the animal ending up to death. To determine a safer antibiotic therapy the veterinarians might consider the previous resumes of the reactions of drugs associated to some races, besides, they have to be aware of the correct dose and the animal's correct weight.

RESUMEN: Este artículo visa relatar un caso de farmacodermía en un perro de la raza Pinscher miniatura, hembra de cinco meses de edad. El animal presentó apatía, anorexia, queratoconjuntivitis seca, hipertermia, desidratación y una extensa y dolorosa dermatitis ulcerativa desde la región cervical hasta la región del espinazo. Se verifi có que el animal había sido medicado con la asociación de trimetoprin y sulfadiazina. La dosis utilizada del antibiótico era mayor que la dosis recomendada. Dentre las alteraciones laboratoriales encontradas se observó necrosis en todo el espesor de la epiderme y derme. A pesar de la terapia preconizada hubo una rápida deterioración de la condición general del animal progresando para óbito. Para optarse por terapia antibiótica con más seguridad, se debe considerar relatos previos de reacciones a fármacos asociados en algunas razas y además, estar atentos a las dosis terapéuticas y al pesaje correcta del animal.

Considerações fisiológicas na fluidoterapia de cães e gatos / Physiological Considerations on Fluid Therapy of Dogs and Cats / Consideraciones fisiologicas en la fluidoterapia en perros y gatos

A desidratação é um distúrbio comum na prática veterinária e está associada a inúmeras doenças. Seu reconhecimento é fácil, e seu tratamento, embora pareça simples, requer boa dose de critério. O emprego correto da fluidoterapia depende da escolha do fluido de acordo com o tipo de desidratação e causas relacionadas. O conhecimento da fisiologia dos líquidos corporais e da farmacologia das soluções empregadas é o que realmente garante o sucesso da fluidoterapia.

ABSTRACT: Dehidration is a common disorder in veterinary practice, and is associated with inumerous diseases. The dehydration recognition is easy and the treatment, besides simple, calls for good dose of criterion. The correct utilization of fl uid therapy depends of fl uid's choice, type of dehydration associated and related causes. The knowledge of body fl uids physiology and the pharmacology of used solutions may garantee the success of fl uid therapy.

RESUMEN: Deshidratación es una desorden común en la práctica veterinaria, y se encuentra asociada a innumeras enfermedades. Su reconocimiento es fácil, y su tratamiento, aunque sensillo, demanda buena porción de criterio. El empleo correcto de la fl uidoterapia depiende de la selección del fl uido de acuerdo con el tipo de deshidratación y sus causas. El conocimiento de la fi siología de los fl uidos corporales y de la farmacología de las soluciones empleadas es lo que realmente salvaguarda el suceso de la fl uidoterapia