[The epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis]. / K épidemiologii rotavirusnogo gastroénterita.

The materials, comprehensively characterizing the water outbreaks of gastroenteritis with its etiology established and its clinico-epidemiological interpretation made, are presented. Along with other data, the water nature of the outbreak was verified by the detection of rotavirus antigen, made in the enzyme immunoassay, not only in patients, but also in water samples from the surface water source and from sewage. To isolate the infective agent from environmental objects, bentonite, a mineral sorbent, has been used for the first time. The authors believe that the water route plays the main (primary) role in the spread of rotavirus gastroenteritis and the adult population is the main reservoir of this infection. The fact the disease is registered mainly among younger age groups of the child population reflects only the maximum manifestation of rotavirus infection among these age groups.

[Comparative diagnostic value of methods for detecting dysentery antigens in substrates of the patient's body]. / Sravnitel'naia diagnosticheskaia tsennost' nekotorykh metodov vyiavleniia dizenteriinykh antigenov v substratakh organizma bol'nogo.

The comparative evaluation of different immunological methods, such as the enzyme immunoassay, the aggregate hemagglutination test and the complement fixation test, used for the detection of specific Shigella antigens in biological body substrates obtained from 287 patients with acute dysentery caused by S. sonnei, S. flexneri and S. newcastle has been carried out. The enzyme immunoassay and the aggregate hemagglutination test most effective (97.5 +/- 0.5 and 92.4 +/- 0.9, respectively), the object of study being the patients' blood taken at the early stages of the disease. The diagnostic specificity of these methods has proved to be 98.7 +/- 6.7 and 95.2 +/- 1.4, respectively.

[Diagnostic importance of various methods of determining infectious O-antigenemia in patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fevers A and B]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie razlichnykh metodov opredeleniia infektsionnoi O-antigenemii u bol'nykh briushnym tifom, paratifami A i B.

Altogether 181 patients with typhoid and paratyphoid fever (54 with typhoid fever, 50 with paratyphoid fever type A, and 77 with paratyphoid fever type B) were investigated. Of them 108 (59.7%) patients were examined during the 1st week of disease. Serum specific O-antigens of typhoid and paratyphoid fever agents were determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and O-aggregate hemagglutination reaction (O-AHA), serum specific O-antibodies were determined by RDHA, EIA, RIA or O-AHA used during the 1st week of disease were twice as effective as RDHA. Combined use of EIA and O-AHA for the detection of serum specific O-antigens made it possible to diagnose typhoid fever in 90.91%, paratyphoid fever type A in 96.15%, and paratyphoid fever type B in 95.55% of cases.

[Quantitative determination of the soluble O antigen of Salmonella serogroup B and of specific antibodies in different classes by using immunoenzyme analysis]. / Kolichestvennoe opredelenie rastvorimogo O-antigena sal'monell serogruppy B i spetsificheskikh antitel razlichnykh klassov s pomoshch'iu immunofermentnogo analiza.

The results of measurements of S. typhimurium O-antigen and specific IgA-, IgG- and IgM-antibodies in 115 serum samples from patients with salmonellosis induced by group B salmonellae are analyzed. As determined in this study, the concentrations of IgA-antibodies ranged 0-15 micrograms/ml, the minimal diagnostically significant value being 3.6 micrograms/ml; the concentrations of IgG-antibodies ranged 0-13 micrograms/ml, the minimal diagnostically significant value being 1.3 micrograms/ml; and the concentrations of IgM-antibodies ranged 0-50 microgram/ml, the minimal diagnostically significant value being 5.0 micrograms/ml. The minimal diagnostically significant concentration of O-antigen, determined in selected serum samples obtained from healthy donors, was 0.1 microgram/ml. There is a significant correlation between the concentrations of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-antibodies, but the concentrations of these antibodies do not correlate with the concentration of soluble O-antigen. The study showed that the simultaneous determination of S. typhimurium O-antigen and specific antibodies in the material under test significantly enhances the effectiveness of the serodiagnosis of the disease.

[Effect of levamisole immunocorrective therapy on the dynamics of infectious O-antigenemia and the clinical manifestations in dysentery patients]. / Vliianie immunokorrigiruiushchei terapii levamizolom na dinamiku infektsionnoi O-antigenemii i klinicheskie proiavleniia u bol'nykh dizenteriei.

The immunocorrecting agent levamisole decreases the duration of infectious O-antigenemia, determined in the O-aggregate hemagglutination test and in the enzyme immunoassay, essentially accelerates the progress of convalescence and considerably decreases the possibility of the prolonged relapsing course of the disease in comparison with common methods of treatment.

[Use of an artificial antigen simulating the Salmonella O-determinant 4 for determining antibodies to Salmonella group B O-antigen in immunoenzyme analysis]. / Ispol'zovanie iskusstvennogo antigena, imitiruiushchego O-determinanta 4 sal'monell dlia opredeleniia antitel k O-antigenu sal'monell gruppy B v immunofermentnom analize.

The use of the artificial antigen abequosylmannoside copolymer with acrylamide in the enzyme immunoassay for the determination of antibodies in the sera of salmonellosis patients has enhanced the specificity of the serological diagnosis of group B salmonellosis in comparison with the use of the natural antiren, S. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide.

[Comparison of the diagnostic value of methods for determining antibodies against the Salmonella group-B O-antigen]. / Sravnenie diagnosticheskoi znachimosti nekotorykh metodov opredeleniia antitel protiv O-antigena sal'monell gruppy B.

The analysis of serum samples from 124 patients with the bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis of group B salmonellosis has revealed that the specific neutralization variant of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) makes it possible to detect IgA, IgG and IgM more effectively than the indirect EIA variant and the passive hemagglutination test.

[Immunoenzyme analysis of the serological activity of the structural modifications of a synthetic antigen simulating the O-determinant 4 of Salmonellae]. / Izuchenie v immunofermentnom analize serologicheskoi aktivnosti strukturnykh modifikatsii iskusstvennogo antigena, imitiruiushchego O-determinantu 4 sal'monell.

The comparison of the copolymer of 2-O-(alpha-abequosy)-alpha-alyl-alpha-mannopyranoside and acrylamide (AMA), used as a synthetic antigen, with its natural prototype, Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide, in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has revealed that the serological activity of AMA is related to the specific content of antigenic determinants in its molecule. The analysis of the serological specificity of AMA indicates that this specificity corresponds to factor 4 of Salmonella O-antigen. The high activity and monofactor specificity of the synthetic antigen AMA suggest that the use of this antigen in EIA as a diagnostic preparation holds good promise.

[Quantitative determination of the soluble antigens of intestinal bacteria using a method of immunoenzyme analysis. I. Processing of the parameters of the method]. / Kolichestvennoe opredelenie rastvorimykh antigenov nekotorykh kishechnykh bakterii metodom immunofermentnogo analiza. Soobshchenie I. Otrabotka parametrov metoda.

The parameters of the assay based on the quantitative evaluation of the neutralization of specific antibodies by the antigen under study and the subsequent detection of free antibodies on the fixed reference antigen with the aim of the quantitative determination of the specific O-antigens of Salmonella, groups D, B, C1, as well as those of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri, have been developed. The proposed method makes it possible to detect the O-antigen of the causative agent at concentrations of 0.001 micrograms/ml to 100 micrograms/ml.