RESUMO
Resumen: Las ayudas cognitivas son herramientas diseñadas para guiar al usuario en situaciones de crisis, tales ayudas proporcionan instrucciones y garantizan que las tareas a realizar durante la emergencia se lleven a cabo con la mayor exactitud y con esto evitar la omisión de la mayor cantidad de pasos o tareas durante el evento. Está demostrado que las ayudas cognitivas aumentan el rendimiento de los anestesiólogos durante las situaciones de crisis simuladas y más cuando se somete al usuario a casos clínicos raros o de baja incidencia. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 33 años programada a cirugía electiva, la cual acude súbitamente por probable hipertermia maligna desencadenada por desflurane. Un reader encargado de la lectura de las ayudas cognitivas durante el evento guió las acciones así como el tratamiento sintomático y específico posterior al diagnóstico. Actualmente se recomienda no confiar en la memoria en situaciones de crisis, ya que puede haber omisiones importantes en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico.
Abstract: Cognitive aids are tools designed to guide the user in crisis situations, such aids provide instructions and ensure that the tasks to be performed during the emergency are carried out with the greatest accuracy and thus avoid the omission of as many steps or tasks during the event. It is demonstrated that cognitive aids increase the performance of anesthesiologists during simulated crisis situations and more when the user is subjected to rare or low incidence clinical cases. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman scheduled for elective surgery, who suddenly presented probable malignant hyperthermia triggered by desflurane. The actions as well as the symptomatic and specific treatment after diagnosis, was guided by a «reader¼ in charge of reading the cognitive aids during the event. It is currently recommended not to rely on memory in crisis situations as there may be important omissions in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
RESUMO
An increasing interest in the development of products of natural origin for crop disease and pest control has emerged in the last decade. Here we introduce a new family of strawberry acyl glycosides (SAGs) formed by a trisaccharide (GalNAc-GalNAc-Glc) and a monounsaturated fatty acid of 6 to 12 carbon atoms linked to the glucose unit. Application of SAGs to Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis) plants triggered a transient oxidative burst, callose deposition and defense gene expression, accompanied by increased protection against two phytopathogens, Pseudomonas viridiflava and Botrytis cinerea. SAGs-induced disease protection was also demonstrated in soybean infected with the causal agent of target spot, Corynespora cassiicola. SAGs were shown to exhibit important antimicrobial activity against a wide-range of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, most probably through membrane destabilization, and the potential use of SAGs as a biofungicide for postharvest disease protection was demonstrated on lemon fruits infected with Penicillium digitatum. Plant growth promotion by application of SAGs was shown by augmented primary root elongation, secondary roots development and increased siliques formation in Arabidopsis, whereas a significant increment in number of seed pods was demonstrated in soybean. Stimulation of radicle development and the induction of an auxin-responsive reporter system (DR5::GUS) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, suggested that SAGs-stimulated growth at least partly acts through the auxin response pathway. These results indicate that strawberry fatty acid glycosides are promising candidates for the development of environmental-friendly products for disease management in soybean and lemon.
