[Activity of sodium-lithium cotransport in erythrocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus type I (IDDM) complicated by diabetic nephropathy in the renal failure stage]. / Aktywnosc kotransportu sodowo-litowego w erytrocytach u chorych na cukrzyce typu I (IDDM) powiklana nefropatia cukrzycowa w stadium niewydolnosci nerek.

Sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) in erythrocytes represents one of the transmembrane sodium transport systems. SLC activity is elevated in arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type I (IDDM) complicated with nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and pregnancy. Increase of SLC is considered as a genetic marker of primary arterial hypertension. In present paper SLC was assessed in 12 patients with IDDM without nephropathy (group I), 12 patients with IDDM complicated with diabetic nephropathy on hemodialytic treatment (group II), 15 patients treated with haemodialysis due to non-diabetic nephropathy (group III) and 12 healthy subjects (group IV). All groups were matched in respect of age. Serum creatinine concentration and inulin clearance were similar in groups I and IV as well as in groups II and III. SLC was assessed according to method described by Canessa and coworkers (1980). SLC activity in group II (0.60 mmol/l litre of erythrocytes/h; 0.43-0.94; 0.28-1.22) (median, 25%-75%, min.-max.) was significantly higher than in other groups-group I (0.30; 0.20-0.38; 0.12-0.57), group III (0.24; 0.16-0.33; 0.11-0.38) and group IV (0.20; 0.15-0.25; 0.12-0.27). In 3 patients of group I the values were higher than in all examined of groups III and IV and approximated to mean values of group II. The results confirm a significant rise of SLC activity in patients with IDDM complicated with end-stage diabetic nephropathy. SLC activity in end-stage renal disease due to non-diabetic nephropathy does not differ from values in healthy subjects. It seems that elevated SLC activity in IDDM might be a genetic marker foretelling development of nephropathy.

[The effect of hemodialysis on levels of beta-endorphin in serum of patients with chronic renal failure treated with erythropoietin]. / Wplyw hemodializy na zmiany stezenia beta-endorfiny w osoczu u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek leczonych erytropoetyna.

In CRF patients many endocrine abnormalities were observed. BE levels are elevated in CRF patients and HD treatment do not decrease it. In the other hand during rHu-EPO therapy many changes previously observed during CRF, in hormones concentrations partially are normalised. The aim of present study was to find answer on the following questions: 1. Are there any differences in plasma BE levels between hemodialysed CRF patients treated with rHu-EPO and in untreated, 2. Does rHu-EPO therapy have any influence on plasma BE level during HD session? Fourty CRF hemodialysed patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consist of 18 patients (10 female and 8 male with mean age 41.6 +/- 16.3 years) treated with rHu-EPO during last 3-9 months (50 u.i./kg b.m.) intravenously after each HD session. Group II consist of 22 patients (11 both female and male with mean age 46.2 +/- 17.9 years) untreated with rHu-EPO. From CRF patients blood sample were taken 4 times: before HD, in 120 min. of HD in front of and behind dialyzer and in 240 min. This procedure was provided follow HD sessions using bicarbonate buffer with polysulphone dialyzer. Control plasma BE concentration was established from 40 healthy subjects with mean age 39.6 +/- 12.7 years as 24.9 +/- 7.6 pmol/l. Plasma BE level was assessed using RIA method (INCSTAR). Mean plasma BE level in control group was significantly lower then in CRF groups. There were no differences in plasma BE levels between examined CRF groups. We concluded that elevated in CRF patients plasma BE concentration does not modify by rHu-EPO treatment and that in both examined groups plasma BE concentration does not change during HD session.

Serum beta-endorphin in non-dialysed and haemodialysed patients with chronic renal failure.

Endogenous opioid peptides play an important role in the pathogenesis of uraemic syndrome. The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on serum beta-endorphin (BE) concentration was studied in 27 uraemic patients and in 14 healthy subjects. Despite elevated basal BE level, that correlated positively with serum creatinine, uraemic patients showed a normal BE secretory pattern. No differences were found between uraemic patients on conservative and those on haemodialysis treatment. The influence of haemodialysis treatment on BE secretion requires further investigations.

[Levels of beta-endorphin in serum of patients with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis during a test which stimulates hypoglycemia after insulin]. / Stezenie beta-endorfiny w surowicy krwi u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek leczonych hemodializami w tescie stymulacji hipoglikemia poinsulinowa.

In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) an elevated serum beta-endorphin (BE) level and lack of a twenty-four-hour BE-secretory pattern were found. BE and other opioid peptides participate significantly in the development of the uremic syndrome and its complications. On the other hand hemodialytic treatment is an important factor influencing the concentration of most hormones. In healthy subjects insulin-induced hypoglycemia as well as exogenous corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) produce a rise in serum BE since BE, beta-lipotropin and ACTH come from the common precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC). This paper intended to evaluate the curve of serum BE concentration during such a test in uremic patients on hemodialytic treatment. 13 patients with CRF hemodialysed 4 to 38 months (mean: 17 months) and 14 healthy subjects were examined. In each of them crystalline insulin (0.1 units/kg of body mass) was given intravenously and blood samples were collected every 30 minutes. BE concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay without previous chromatographic separation. The test was performed after an overnight rest in the morning in persons staying at the recumbent position. An adequate hypoglycemia was obtained in every subject. Basal serum BE concentration was significantly higher in patients with CRF than in healthy subjects and correlated positively with duration of hemodialytic treatment. After 60 min. from insulin injection in both groups the peak BE level was observed whereas after 120 min. in returned to the initial values. The curve of BE concentration in patients with CRF ran on a significantly higher level than in healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Endogenous opioid peptides in physiologic and pathologic states with particular regard to kidneys]. / Endogenne peptydy opioidowe w stanach fizjologii i patologii ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem nerek.

The paper describes the endogenous opioid system: opioid peptides and opioid receptors as well as their participation to various physiological and pathological processes of the body. The special stress is put on the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of the uremic syndrome in connection with the results of author's own investigations.

[Influence of long-term hemodialysis treatment on total and free thyroxine serum concentration in patients with chronic renal failure]. / Wplyw wieloletniej hemodializoterapii na stezenia calkowitej i wolnej tyroksyny w surowicy krwi u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek.

UNLABELLED: Many disturbances in functioning of pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with advanced chronic renal failure are well documented. The present paper aimed to assess the influence of duration of haemodialysis treatment on basal and after stimulating TT4 and fT4 serum concentration in uraemic patients. 17 nondialyzed uraemic patients, 15 dialysed up to 50 months, 11 dialysed for 51-100 months, 11 dialysed for more than 100 months and 14 control subjects were examined. In all subjects TT4 and fT4 levels were assessed before and after TRH administration (400 micrograms/i.v.). RESULTS: 1. The patients, independently if the duration of dialysis therapy, did not show any significant differences in basal TT4 from the normal subjects. 2. Nondialyzed and patients dialysed up to 50 months showed significantly lower basal values of fT4 as compared with the patients dialysed longer and with normal subjects. 3. Areas over basal values of TT4 did not show any significant differences in all examined groups. 4. Areas over basal fT4 values were significantly higher in the patients dialysed over 50 months than in the remaining groups. 5. Positive significant correlations were found between the duration of dialysis therapy and basal fT4 as well as area over basal fT4 values. CONCLUSION: Duration of haemodialysis treatment significantly influences the fT4 serum concentration in chronic renal failure.

[Influence of long term hemodialysis treatment on TSH secretion in patients with chronic renal failure]. / Wplyw wieloletniej hemodializoterapii na wydzielanie tyrotropiny u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek.

UNLABELLED: In patients with advanced chronic renal failure many disturbances in functioning of pituitary-thyroid axis are well documented. The present paper aimed to assess the influence of duration of haemodialysis treatment on the basal and stimulated TSH secretion. 17 nondialyzed uraemic patients, 15 dialysed up to 50 months, 11 dialysed for 51-100 months, 11 dialysed for more than 100 months and 14 control subjects were examined. In all subjects TSH levels were assessed before and 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes after TRH administration (400 micrograms i.v.). RESULTS: 1. Nondialyzed and dialysed patients up to 50 months showed significantly lower basal values of TSH as compared with the patients dialysed longer and with normal subjects. 2. Areas over basal values of TSH were distinctly lower in all patients as compared with control group. 3. Negative significant correlation between the duration of dialysis therapy and area over basal TSH values was found. CONCLUSION: Duration of haemodialysis treatment influences markedly secretion of TSH in chronic renal failure.

[Influence of long term hemodialysis treatment on total, free and reverse triiodothyronine serum concentration in patients with chronic renal failure]. / Wplyw wieloletniej hemodializoterapii na stezenie calkowitej, wolnej i odwrotnej trijodotyroniny w surowicy krwi u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek.

UNLABELLED: Many disturbances is functioning of pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with advanced chronic renal failure are well documented. The present paper aimed to assess the influence of duration of haemodialysis treatment on the basal and after TRH stimulation TT3, fT3 and rT3 serum concentration in uremic patients. 17 nondialyzed uraemic patients, 15 dialysed up to 50 months, 11 dialysed for 51-100 months, 11 dialysed for more than 100 months and 14 control subjects were examined. In all subjects TT3, fT3, and rT3 levels were assessed before and after TRH administration (400 micrograms i.v.). RESULTS: 1. All patients showed significantly lower basal TT3 in comparison with normal subjects. 2. Nondialyzed and dialysed patients up to 50 months showed significantly lower basal values of fT3 as compared with the patients dialysed longer and with normal subjects. 3. The basal rT3 in the patients dialysed over 50 months were significantly higher then in nondialyzed, dialyzed up to 50 months and in the control group. 4. Areas over basal values of TT3 and fT3 were distinctly lower in all patients as compared with control group and significantly higher in patients dialysed from 51-100 months than in patients dialysed up to 50 months. 5. Areas over basal rT3 values did not show any significant differences in all examined groups. 6. Positive significant correlations were found between the duration of dialysis therapy and basal TT3, fT3 and rT3. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of haemodialysis treatment is a important factor influencing serum TT3, fT3 and rT3 concentration. This effect is observed in partial normalisation of: a) basal TT3 and fT3, b) reactivity of TT3 and fT3 after THR administration.

[Levels of beta-endorphin in serum of patients with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment during insulin-induced hypoglycemia stimulation testing]. / Stezenie beta-endorfiny w surowicy krwi u chorych z przewlekla niewydolnoscia nerek leczonych zachowawczo w tescie stymulacji hipoglikemia poinsulinowa.

beta-endorphin (BE) and other opioid peptides participate significantly in the development of the uremic syndrome. In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) an elevated serum BE level and lack of a twenty-four-hour BE-secretory pattern were found. In 14 patients with CRF on conservative treatment with serum creatinine above 500 mumol/l and in 14 healthy subjects serum BE was evaluated after intravenous insulin injection. An adequate hypoglycemia was obtained in every subject. Basel serum BE concentration was significantly higher in patients with CRF than in healthy subjects and correlation positively with creatinine. After 60 min. from insulin injection in both groups the peak BE level was observed here after 120 min. it returned to the initial values. The curve of BE concentration in patients with CRF ran significantly higher than in healthy subjects. A total secretory answer of the pituitary measured by the area over basel value of BE was similar in both groups. It seems that BE secretion by the corticotropic cells of the pituitary is unchanged in patients with CRF. Impaired BE elimination by the kidneys is probably responsible for hyper-beta-endorphin levels in those patients.