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1.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 262(4): 506-512, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38295522

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody (CPMA) as a treatment against canine parvovirus (CPV-2)-induced mortality and to support USDA product licensure. ANIMALS: 28 purpose-bred Beagle dogs aged 8 weeks were randomized to the treated (n = 21) or control (7) group. METHODS: Dogs were challenged intranasally with 104.2 TCID50 virulent CPV-2b on Day 0 and monitored for 14 days for fecal viral shed and clinical disease. All dogs began shedding CPV-2 on Day 4 and were treated intravenously with a single dose of either CPMA (0.2 mL/kg) or saline (equal volume). No additional treatments were given to either group. Feces and sera were collected for quantitative analysis of fecal viral shed (hemagglutination) and antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition and dot-blot ELISA), respectively. Dogs were monitored twice daily for parameters including lymphopenia, fever, vomiting, abnormal feces, inappetence, and lethargy. Humane endpoints triggered euthanasia by a veterinarian masked to treatment groups. The primary outcome variable was prevention of mortality as compared to controls. RESULTS: Mortality was prevented in all CPMA-treated dogs compared to 57% mortality in the control group (P = .0017, Fisher exact test). Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody-treated dogs also experienced less severe and/or shorter durations of diarrhea, fever, vomiting, CPV-2 shedding in feces, and lymphopenia. Both groups showed similar immunoglobulin M responses as measured by semiquantitative analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravenous administration of CPMA can effectively improve clinical outcome when administered early in CPV-2 disease. Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody treatment after proven infection does not interfere with adaptive immunity.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Linfopenia , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus Canino , Animais , Cães , Anticorpos Antivirais , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Vômito/veterinária , Fezes , Linfopenia/veterinária , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico
2.
Vaccine ; 35(2): 353-360, 2017 01 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27916413

RESUMO

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains expressing F4 (K88) fimbriae (F4-ETEC) are one of the most important causes of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. F4, a major antigen, plays an important role in the early steps of the infection. Herein, the efficacy of a live oral vaccine consisting of a non-pathogenic E. coli strain expressing F4 for protection of pigs against PWD was evaluated. Three blinded, placebo-controlled, block design, parallel-group confirmatory experiments were conducted, using an F4-ETEC PWD challenge model, each with a different vaccination-challenge interval (3, 7, and 21days). The pigs were vaccinated via the drinking water with a single dose of the Coliprotec® F4 vaccine one day post-weaning. Efficacy was assessed by evaluating diarrhea, clinical observations, intestinal fluid accumulation, weight gain, intestinal colonization and fecal shedding of F4-ETEC. The immune response was evaluated by measuring serum and intestinal F4-specific antibodies. The administration of the vaccine resulted in a significant reduction of the incidence of moderate to severe diarrhea, ileal colonization by F4-ETEC, and fecal shedding of F4-ETEC after the heterologous challenge at 7 and 21days post-vaccination. The 7-day onset of protection was associated with an increase of serum anti-F4 IgM whereas the 21-day duration of protection was associated with an increase of both serum anti-F4 IgM and IgA. Significant correlations between levels of serum and intestinal secretory anti-F4 antibodies were detected. Maternally derived F4-specific serum antibodies did not interfere with the vaccine efficacy. The evaluation of protection following a challenge three days after vaccination showed a reduction of the severity and the duration of diarrhea and of fecal shedding of F4-ETEC. The 7-day onset and the 21-day duration of protection induced by Coliprotec® F4 vaccine administered once in drinking water to pigs of at least 18days of age were confirmed by protection against F4-ETEC and induction of F4-specific protective immunity.


Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Vacinas contra Escherichia coli/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Escherichia coli/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Formação de Anticorpos , Derrame de Bactérias , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/patologia , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/patologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Intestinos/imunologia , Placebos/administração & dosagem , Soro/imunologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia
3.
Water Res ; 38(3): 539-46, 2004 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14723922

RESUMO

Pig manure represents a very high-strength wastewater that is well suited for a self-heating aerobic thermophilic treatment. Here we report the use of 59-L Aerobic Thermophilic Sequencing Batch Reactors (AT-SBR) to study the treatment of pig manure with a HRT of 6 days. Temperatures up to 75 degrees C were reached without external heating by using Venturi-type aerators but these conditions were detrimental for the respiratory activity of the microflora. For COD removal, better performances were achieved when the temperature was limited to 50 degrees C. However, higher temperatures increased the rate of phosphorus crystallisation and the volatilisation of ammonia. A temperature of 50 degrees C was enough to eliminate faecal coliforms and Campylobacter spp., but 60 degrees C was needed for the efficient destruction of Clostridium perfringens. Consequently, an operating temperature of 60 degrees C appears to be a good compromise. Under these conditions, the BOD(5) decreases from 50.5 to 1.0 g L(-1), yielding a 98% removal.


Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Purificação da Água/métodos , Agricultura , Animais , Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter/patogenicidade , Clostridium perfringens/isolamento & purificação , Clostridium perfringens/patogenicidade , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Enterobacteriaceae/patogenicidade , Suínos , Temperatura
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